Archived threads in /his/ - History & Humanities - 1850. page

>>2297281
The inspiration and the basis for this historical inquiry are the actual works of Kashmiri Shaivites, the most extensive of which are by Abhinavagupta, who wrote the Tantraloka. He was the one who built up what he called “Anuttara Trika,” and he did that by referring to and integrating many Tantras and other works, drawn from varied Shaiva Tantric traditions. The main manual—you might say the Bible of Anuttara Trika—is the Tantraloka, and secondary to that is the Paratrishikavivarana. The Tantraloka is one of the last great classics in Sanskrit that had not been fully and authoritatively translated into English before now.

To fully understand the importance of the Tantraloka, I need to say more about the history of Shaivism. Basically what happened is that sometime around the sixth century AD, relatively suddenly, a huge number of revealed texts began to come to the earth, as it were. There were two streams of thought. The first is Siddhanta Shaivism, which is now very popular in South India. It centers on the worship of lingas and the form of Shiva called Sada Shiva, which means “always Shiva, always auspicious.” Nowadays this tradition is found in the large Shiva temples of South India.

>>2297294

The logic of calling Anuttara Trika the “highest” is that according to the revelation itself, Trika comes at the end of a series. One is initiated into Trika Shaivism after having taken a series of initiations into what are considered from the Trika perspective to be lower forms of Shaivism—and even below that Vaishnava Tantra, and finally Vedanta. So there is an ascending gradation of initiation, and Trika contains and encompasses all of them as their ultimate teaching. Everything culminates in Anuttara Trika.

Abhinavagupta presents his Tantraloka as an explanation of the teachings of the Malinivijayottara, the Trika Tantra he considers to be the most authoritative. He holds this authority in such reverence that he declares at the beginning of his Tantraloka that there is nothing in it which is not in some form present or suggested in the Malinivijay. Abhinava thus intends his Anuttara Trika to be understood not as something new, but as the final development of the Trika school of Shaivism— which is one of the oldest of the Bhairava current of Shaivite scriptural traditions— and the most explicit and detailed presentation of its essential teachings.

>>2297305
Abhinavagupta (c. 950 – 1016 AD) was a philosopher, mystic and aesthetician from Kashmir. He was also considered an influential musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician – a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture.

He was born in Kashmir in a family of scholars and mystics and studied all the schools of philosophy and art of his time under the guidance of as many as fifteen (or more) teachers and gurus. In his long life he completed over 35 works, the largest and most famous of which is Tantrāloka, an encyclopaedic treatise on all the philosophical and practical aspects of Trika and Kaula (known today as Kashmir Shaivism). Another one of his very important contributions was in the field of philosophy of aesthetics with his famous Abhinavabhāratī commentary of Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharata Muni.

Abhinavagupta's thought was strongly influenced by Buddhist logic.

Modern UK, MExico, US

>>2288815
Tlatilco.

File: 1024px-Tlatilco_culture_figurines[1].jpg (94KB, 1024x875px) Image search: [Google]

94KB, 1024x875px

>>2288832
kek

>>2317652
That's where the term melancholia stems from. Literally means "black bile". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism

File: 1466551259004.jpg (1MB, 1500x1324px) Image search: [Google]

1MB, 1500x1324px

I have no idea, but here is a better res version of that picture

>>2317652

The Greeks took a "scientific" view based on the balance of humours, other peoples attributed mental illness to demons.

It's pretty gay

A man comes up to you and tells you he will get more pleasure from eating your left leg than you will ever get from using it throughout your entire life, despite the pain you will be in. Under utilitarianism, you would be obliged to let him eat your leg.

>>2317310
Close but no cigar. You need to add that if you don't get to eat his leg you will starve to death and that everyone you assist later in your life will be equal to more Utils than any Utils received from the other man in service to others with both his legs.

>>2317111
What point are you trying to make?

File: 1482453462229.jpg (105KB, 1269x784px) Image search: [Google]

105KB, 1269x784px

>>2317111
Nobody says that though

>>2317116
That for most Christians, their ancestors were Christian for most of recorded history, since the early middle ages at the latest.

>>2316872

german birthrates were declining too

dont know about british

might have had something to do with urbanisation/industrialisation, pauperiasation of rural lands, collapse of the traditional family, various forms of decadence trough some 40 years of relative peace and colonial expansion etc...

>>2316872
Because of liberalism.

>>2316906
Don't know about the British birth rate but the German birth rate was definitely higher than the French, in the docs they also mentioned how Germany's population was growing much faster than the French due to it.

File: caligula.jpg (89KB, 400x609px) Image search: [Google]

89KB, 400x609px

Caligula - intelligent, high libido and it seems like the world is against me.

File: hamilton.jpg (18KB, 300x300px) Image search: [Google]

18KB, 300x300px

>>2316724
Alexander Hamilton - I can't aim for shit, I prefer strong gubbermints, and I don't have many friends.

File: 1484067014170.gif (522KB, 490x265px) Image search: [Google]

522KB, 490x265px

Zizek - intelligent, dirty and with a Lacanian sense of humor

>>2316718
Napoléon III

Luigi Cadorna

>>2316718
Adolf Hitler

they wanted to cuck future Germany

>>2316683
Nibelungentreue

>>2316701
and fear

>>2316368
Holodomor

Me shagging ur mum

>>2316434
OP getting blown the fuck out.

Christian philosophy? Aesthetics and the sublime are important but not the justification for living.

Jesus those are some fat girls.

Someone please reply because this is very important. When your standard alpha Chad encounters such a group, how does he react and how to they react? Also what kind of verbal exchange goes on between them?

How can you be sure I am not a previous you?

hi cutie

thanks

File: charles-ii-of-spain_imagelarge.jpg (14KB, 448x312px) Image search: [Google]

14KB, 448x312px

>>2316314
>tfw you're Charles the II of Spain

File: 1485354948516.jpg (12KB, 260x194px) Image search: [Google]

12KB, 260x194px

>>2316302
History in almost no cases has repeated itself.

File: 800px-Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen_by_Jacob_Waben.jpg (196KB, 800x1080px) Image search: [Google]

196KB, 800x1080px

>>2316302
Beautiful Dutch moustache, my friend. Not as impressive as this one.

>>2316313
>have a world war
>have another world war 20 years later started by the same country
Like pottery

File: apurosvo.png (35KB, 868x751px) Image search: [Google]

35KB, 868x751px

pirate helper

File: avu keesar.png (76KB, 982x1274px) Image search: [Google]

76KB, 982x1274px

centurion helper

File: Hitlerin_uskottu_rooseveltin_apustaja.jpg (161KB, 945x1334px) Image search: [Google]

161KB, 945x1334px

hitler helper

File: hmm.jpg (30KB, 300x428px) Image search: [Google]

30KB, 300x428px

>>2316277
>implying history isn't over

Feudal christian monarchy has won

>>2316277
it's not even mid-game yet

File: Charles_V_HRE.jpg (104KB, 800x800px) Image search: [Google]

104KB, 800x800px

>implying history isn't over

Divinely ordained absolutism has won