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Archived threads in /sci/ - Science & Math - 2156. page

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Why haven't we found life on other planets yet? I've read the counter to this is that, "it's highly probable that life is extremely rare", this being a plausible explanation because, well, we haven't found unarguable proof of life existing outside of Earth.

To piggyback on the above, how about the current explanation for how non life turned into life? If the explanation for how life evolved from non life was that at a certain point in time, Earth had precisely the right set of circumstances for non life to turn into life, what about other extremely Earth like planets such a Kepler? Wouldn't one of these planets have some detectable form of life with all the tools we have to monitor such things these days? Wouldn't one of the other extremely Earth like planets {that we're currently aware of} have signs of life?

It just doesn't make sense. There are more habitable planets than Earth that surely would have had to have gone through the exact same processes as Earth to have nurtured non life into life, surely one of these planets would not only have a currently detectable life form but even have produced a more complex, more advanced or more intelligent form? But all we have is life on Earth and some wingnut claiming they can demonstrate what they believe to be the building block of life somewhere else without any objectively proof.

tldr How do you explain life likely not existing on the Earth like planets given our best explanation for non life turning into life?
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Let's just name all those space probes we sent out to explicitely analyise other planets and moons for forms of life.

Uuhhhh.
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>>7649030
to counter this, if non life can produce life then surely one of the other earth like planets would have evolved an intelligent form of life capable of receiving our communication signals. the way a habitable planet forms isn't unique to earth and thus there must be billions of earth like planets out there -- and none of them can communicate with us.
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>>7649019
>hen surely one of the other earth like planets would have evolved an intelligent form of life capable of receiving our communication signals.

It only has been very recently that we were able to detect other planets at all, nevermind those with actual possible living conditions. Then there is the thing that just because a planet can sustain life, it doesn't mean it can sustain very complex life. And thirdly, even if has been listening to all those different exoplanets for the past 100 years, that's still a tiny fraction in terms of civilisation.

We humans weren't even capable of receiving any possible signal until the 1950s maybe, and life has been existing for almost 4 billion years here. There is just a tiny tiny tiny window of a tiny tiny fraction of other stars' signals we have been able to observe now, and not only has the transmission of singals be made properly (which is a story for itself) , their window of 'sophisticated civilisation' has to match other window time shifted by the distance thir signals need to get here.

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What is the cause of depression?
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lack of a sex life
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>>7648230
Owning a mirror
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Can either be strictly psychological, strictly physiological, or both.

I'd wager it's usually a bit of both. Antidepressants should be an absolute last resort, but unfortunately GPs (and to a lesser extent, psychiatrists) give em out like candy. Further solidifying their place in our great "if X then Y" culture.

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I'm currently studying maths (integrated Masters) at a pretty solid UK uni, I'm only a first year, but I want to get a PhD and then get into research.

Is there anything I should know? Or any Maths PhDs on /sci/? It'd be interesting to start a discussion about how it is and where you're working now. Are you in research?

Actually, how hard is it to get a in research once you've got your PhD?
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> how hard is it to get a in research once you've got your PhD?
It's trivial. You've already been collaborating with some people in your field by then, and the whole point of doing a PhD is to prepare you to do research independently. You'll have friends in your field or similar enough fields, you'll be invited to conferences to meet people, and so on.

Most people carry on with some aspect of their PhD work that they didn't get to do while they were finishing their thesis. Typically, you'll have a dozen or so ideas floating around, and you will never get to them all because you'll constantly have new ones.

I should actually say that most people try to carry on with their research in this way. Typically, once you start teaching, it takes a couple years to get settled in and really start doing research again.

> Is there anything I should know?
It's very hard to get a full time, tenure-track job these days. Be prepared to move around a lot, do more work for less pay than the established professors, and develop strong feelings of bitterness about the whole broken system.

On the one hand, you'll end up working 60 hour weeks if you want to get your research in. But on the other hand, you're going to get a bunch of time off. One of my friends has himself down to two days of classes a week, and he marks and does his administrative crap on the day between. Four day weekends, every weekend.
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>>7637688
>It's very hard to get a get a full time, tenure-track job these days
>and develop strong feelings of bitterness about the whole broken system.
Isn't that more of an American issue?
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Why is everyone in a Math PhD autistic?

>undergrad in math grad class
>doing homework
>submit correct proof
>grader is a PhD student
>get points off for referencing a theorem in our textbook instead of proving the case yourself
>get points off for assuming things proven in undergrad analysis instead of proving them all over again

At this point I'm going to get a B despite a firm grasp on the material.

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Civil or mechanical? I'm thinking about doing civil since my dad is a structural engineering consultant and I'd have an easy time finding a job, but mechanical seems a lot more fun and interesting. I'm also gay so I'll definitely enjoy all the dick I'll get to suck either way :^)
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>>7635084
Do what you find most interesting.
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>>7635093
>jus b urself lol
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>>7635084
>has family job contacts
>doesnt take the opportunity
Youre a fucking idiot.

There are approximately 7,380,936,119 people alive today.
Approximately 1/278 people has an IQ (sd15) of 140 or higher.
This correlates to preliminary approximation that 26550130 in the world who should have an IQ above 140.
We know however, that there is a large discrepancy between countries average IQ
If we are selective with our countries. Picking only developed Western countries (US, UK, Canada, France, Germany, etc), developed Eastern countries (China and Japan), and Australia, we get an approximate total population of 2,248,685,974, of which at least 8,088,798 people should be 140+ IQ.

Switzerland has a population of about 8,279,700
Hong Kong 7,298,600
Israel 8,419,700

Which country should we move all 140+ IQ people to? What would be the effects of this?

Pic related, countries by population density. Low population density, means moving all 140+ to a low density country means a greater proportion of "high" IQ individuals.
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I think you need a hobby
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>>7659440
Also, pick any country, I didn't mean to imply you had to pick Switzerland, Hong Kong or Israel
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>>7659440
I've always wanted to build a new city state in international waters and call it "Atlantis".

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Considering the vast number of people who have ever lived and the fact that we've only recently begun keeping rigorous records of longetivity, do you think a human has ever lived past age 122?
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>>7659322
Methuselah was over 900
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Yes, the Bible has many reports of such people.
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Almost certainly not. If living to 122 is 1/7 billion now WITH modern medicine, it would be an even smaller likelihood in the past, and since there weren't 7 billion people living in all of past history combined, there's basically no chance.

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hey /sci/, I always hear the argument that intelligence, specially IQ test results, is more a matter of economics and privileged birth than anything else. I can see that but on an anecdotal level I've always wondered about myself.

I was born poor in Southern WV, in the late 80s to a household that's income was mostly from a parental disability check(step parent) and of course food stamps. Income was about $500 monthly, so about $6000 yearly gross income.

I was a lazy shit early in my schooling and so by turn of events ended up needing IEP plan. For those who don't know that's an individualized educational assessment plan that consists of, among other things, a WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) test payed for by the board of education every three years.

My scores were always around 140 verbal and 125 Visual for a total of 130.

Anyway, how does one account for such high scores in such non conducive circumstances. Is there any research done on the subject?

What environmental factors contribute to intelligence?
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> What environmental factors contribute to intelligence?

I truly believe intelligence partly comes from genetics, partly from social environment and the amount of challenges you had to go through.
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>>7659239
>household that's income
>140 verbal
Okay.

Also, if you were one of the older students in your academic year, you obviously have more time to develop and will get a higher score by virtue of that.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15490760

Link related
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>>7659257

I was born in May.

But i didn't get an IEP plan until 2nd grade.

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What is more impressive to you?

A) To prove a new theorem in mathematics that clearly has applications that would be very useful.
B) To find/prove a new theory in physics that explains a lot of things and thus has applications that would be very useful
C) Proving the mechanism for a chemical reaction or creating a chemical compound that has applications that would be very useful
D) Discovering something new in biology that has applications that would be very useful

And for students or people with degrees of science, is your major the same as your answer?
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>>7659159
>B) To find/prove a new theory in physics that explains a lot of things and thus has applications that would be very useful
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>>7659159
>B) To find/prove a new theory in physics that explains a lot of things and thus has applications that would be very useful
This is the most significant, can't argue with that.
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The 4 are important but I would still go for B

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Hey I was wondering why we need to warm up and stretch before exercise. I don't see any advantage so to me it seems useless.. Many times when I'm at school I "skip" the warming up and I still do the next exercises as well as everyone else does, or even better because I'm not tired from the warming up.
I'm sorry to ask this on /sci/ and not on /sp/ but I want some scientific explanation behind this, not just a pleb telling me that it is good because it is good and that's it. Although I find many people in 4chan very ignorant, I still think that between all the boards, /sci/ has the "smartest" people on 4chan. Yes, I'm saying that the average person on /sci/ has more knowledge than anyone else from any other board.
Anyway, please offer me an explanation if you can.

TL;DR
Why do we need to stretch and warm-up before exercise?
25 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7659092
When I was in middle school one gym teacher told me that if I didn't cool down, my heart would explode and I would die. I believed him for years, and that scared the shit out of me.
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>>7659092
>warm up and stretch
You do realize that these two are completely different things right? You should NEVER stretch before exercise.

In any case this thread belongs on /fit/.
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>>7659120
I'm sorry if I'm too ignorant on this topic, but why should we never stretch before exercise?

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How do you get addicted to things that are productive instead of things that are unproductive like procrastination?
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It's harder I'm pretty much addicted to CAD, math, programming, electronics but it's exhausting on my mind, think working out , people are addicted to working out going a couple of hours everyday because it takes a huge toll on your body , the addiction pretty much lies in the daily consistency.
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>>7658968
Genetics.

Not even shitposting. There's a higher reward payoff/work for people who are more academically inclined, and academic performance is largely due to your genetic phenotype.

http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11713

>tl;dr: /sci/'s elitism has been vindicated.
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>>7659002
>everything is genetics
Almost everything that people think is "genetics" is actually environment or at most a combination of both. Take a person out of a culture in which he would normally be expected to have poor academic performance and put him in an environment that would encourage high academic performance and guess what happens? It has very little to do with genetics.

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I got a good one for you /sci/.

Does or does not, centrifugal force exist?

Debate/Explain.
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>>7658569
None of that image makes sense.
If this were the case, then the object would travel in a straight path because the "centrifugal" and centripetal force terms would cancel, and "path of inertia" is absolutely retarded. Inertia is not a vector.
Centrifugal force is real when you construct the system in a non-rectilinear coordinate system. Not otherwise.
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It's as real as gravity.
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>>7658575
>Centrifugal force is real when you construct the system in a non-rectilinear coordinate system. Not otherwise.

can you explain that please?

I was always told that centrifugal force is not real and is only a misconception caused by a lack of centripetal force.

as in there is no force pulling the ball outward, there is only the centripetal force and the path of inertia, the ball flying away form you if you let go is the inertia without centripetal force acting on it any more

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Gadolinium oxide NPs are the most effective contrast agents in MRI, due to Gadolinium having the largest number of shell electrons. Having seven outer electrons allows efficient magnetic coupling of Gadolinium to nearby protons. (Jelinek).
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Atherosclerotic plaques are a telltale sign of heart disease. To image them, LDL NPs coupled with gadolinium ions can be used.
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>>7658537
I loved gadolinium's performance in the sopranos. That was some nice imaging
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>>7658611
what is this, a render from 2003?

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What is a great studying technique/s? And works. Please help
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>>7658519
Adderall
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Reading stuff, pretty much
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Listening to this:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NP6_hIDiBEw

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Hey /sci/, quick question that's been bugging me for the past week or so.

Imagine a 3x3 grid of nodes (I guess, I don't know the exact terminology) as in pic related.

Now, imagine a mouse, cursor, ant, or whatever; it starts at any node, and draws a line to any adjacent node (orthagonal or diagonal).

Going from the starting node to another is a shape of length 1, going from that second node to another is one of length 2, and so forth.

Now, my question is, how many possible variations are able to be drawn, of any length n, within that 3x3 grid if the following rules are observed:

1) no back tracking; a line cannot be drawn coincidentally on another.
2) no crossing; the same node can be drawn to multiple times, but it cannot be drawn from if doing so would "cross" a line or angle made of two drawn lines.

What about of length 4 only? What if the grid was 3x2 (rows and columns)?

I apologize for whatever misuse of terminology is present.
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Also bump, for interest
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don't
stop

bump
ing
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OP here, glad to see someone else is inerested. bump.

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i'm retarded

can you understand the maxwell equations intuitively with average IQ?
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>>7658297
They are not intuitively, they are empirical.
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>>7658297
Omg dude you don't understand them? How stupid are you?

I independently discovered them on my own when I was only 6. Shits basic anon.

No but really don't feel dumb just cause you find something hard to understand that doesn't mean anything. Dumb people are people like the guy in that relativity thread who think an idea must be wrong just because they don't understand it.
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Certainly you can understand them to some extent... it's just a matter of putting in the time. IQ means way less than being willing to sit down and concentrate, day after day.

How much you get out of it will vary. I have a master's degree and have worked with them for years, and I don't understand them fully, all the implications and so on. The world is really complicated.

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