Was Zoroastrianism basically just another monotheistic faith but just with a bunch of weird names for shit? It's kind of difficult to grasp exactly what Zoroastrians believed very well
Zoroastrianism is essentially the missing link between polytheism and monotheism. It has two main gods, but one is the primary god and the other isn't
What's weird about the names? It's a Persian religion in the Persian language.
Zoroaster believed there was a universe of darkness and a universe of good. There was a self destructive spirit and there was a virtuous one, opposed to one another in eternity. However, evil is still subordinate to the good.
>>349093
There's one God, Ahura Mazda. He begets seven emanations that are hyposthases of basic values like kingship, motherhood, good health, etc. Those are the Amesha Spenta. Then there are angels, the yazata.
In the beginning, the Amesha Spentas were meant to be mostly metaphorical. The Yazatas were basically guardian angels who stood over certain rituals. So you had Haoma, the personification of the holy plant haoma used in liturgy, Sraosha who led souls into afterlife.
But then the religion re-absorbed elements of pre-zoroastrian cults, which Zarathustra sought to destroy and eliminate, so the Amesha Spentas started being worshipped like gods, and a lot of banned deities regained canon status and became yazatas, like Anahita, or even, as some claim, Mithra.
So basically, it's meant to be a philosophical, semi-monotheistic religion that later through folk tradition and cultural inertia, retained a lot of polytheistic elements.
Hey can we have a cavalry thread? I have some questions about cataphracts and mounted archery:
-What are the advantages of the 2h lances you often see middle eastern heavy cavalry using? Was it just to remedy the lack of lance rest, or had it other reasons?
-Were cataphracts outdated by the fall of Constantinople? Had the city not fallen to the turks, would they have survived till the arrival of gunpowder small arms?
-What exactly is the problem with shooting bows while wearing plate armor? It seems like mounted archery fell out of fashion after mail became outdated.
-Why did mounted crossbowmen stop being a thing? There seem to be something like a gap century between their disappearance until pistoleer cavalry.
>>349089
>Why did mounted crossbowmen stop being a thing?
That is a damn good question. I'd imagine (having not actually looked into it) it having something to do with how hard it is to reload, and keep loaded a crossbow. Or at least one with any power behind it. Especially since at that time when they fell out of fashion, there were more powerful bows being used on horseback, and that's just quicker.
How the hell are you supposed to pull back a crossbow while riding a horse? With just your arms? Then you might as well use a composite bow.
>>349089
>What exactly is the problem with shooting bows while wearing plate armor?
Forgot to answer this.
It's to do a couple of key factors. Firstly that plate armour wasn't exactly mobile, so it'd be hard to draw and aim a bow whilst wearing it. Then if you're wearing expensive armour like that, you're going to be making use of it, and the poorer archers in the back aren't going to need it.
Why did the pretty much all the Spanish and Portuguese colonies totally fail in comparison to most of the British colonies when the Spaniards and Ports colonised the new world first and accumlated more land and jungle control before the British coloniezed the north?
for example:
3rd world countries:
>South America
>Latin America
>most of Carribian
Most contients under Spanish and Portuguese control
>Latin America
>South America
>most of Carribian
>West Coast USA
Literally most comfy and rich counrties on earth:
>Canada
>Austraila
>New Zeland
British Colonies
>USA East Coast
>Canada
>Australia
>New Zealnd
>Some Carrbian Islands
I mean it strikes me odd that the Spanish had so much control yet all thier colonies failed, what happend? Even the most sucessful sub-sahran african country South Africa was origneally a British colony
wtf happened?
>>349051
Colonies weren't attempts at new nations. They were a means of extracting wealth from foreign lands. They didn't fail.
/thread
>>349051
Because Spanish Empire failed in the XIX century, so their colonies could get independence, but they cannot get benefits and support from their metropoli.
British Empire failed in XX century, but their colonies were loyal to them.
>>349172
This. Look french colonies, they are even worst.
Could the handover of Hong Kong have been avoided? I feel like this was a massive abandonment of the Hong Kong people by the British. Britain let Singapore and India etc. go because they wanted to, whereas even today the attitude in Hong Kong is they would rather be closer to Britain than China, especially among young people. So we handed the Hong Kong people over to a country they didn't want to be part of.
It was remarkable that Thatcher was in charge when the negotiations happened, probably one of her biggest displays of weakness.
Seems odd considering why she didn't have a stance like that of the Falklands...
OP, look up Wargame Red Dragon. That's where it could have, and should have, led.
Well theyre getting it back by 2040 soooo
>>349189
what?
How do we stop anti-intellectualism within the humanities?
I vote for nuclear weapons, personally.
We need more Really I hate pretentious snob boards
>>349000
>fat studies
From sea to shiniiinngg seeeeaaaaa.
I doubt this will catch on anywhere outside the US though.
Has the US actually been a "bro" with the other Anglo countries in the past or is it just an illusion and their special relationship is merely for personal gains? Documentary's about the US UK relations around 1940 seem to make me think the later.
Which leads me to my final question. Do countries ever act and help out each other for broship or is it always part of some master narcissistic strategy?
>>348962
There's no such thing as friends in diplomacy. It's all about mutual benefit.
>>348962
>it just an illusion and their special relationship is merely for personal gains?
Welcome to politics.
Individuals can be friends or enemies.
Nations can only be business partners or enemies.
Aye /his post some historical quotes
ITT kings, statesmen, etc.
>>348772
>Bismarck
>Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made.
>Bismarck
>uniting Germanic peoples under one flag is like sausages, it is best not to see them being made
>Bismarck
>l like sausages
ITT: convictions you are unable to understand in religious people
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H7s56Dotuc
People having and projecting their own internal conflict out of shear frustration in regards to the premises of their faith.
Religious people who are so docile and indoctrinated in their faith, that they fail to critically analyze the actual purpose of their religious laws, and act as if they are omnipotent rules made solely for the purpose of punishment and abstinence by a higher masochistic power.
Pork was banned from the abrahamic religions on the premise of hygiene and health in the time before proper domestication and preparation.
It should not act to feed your hysteria about whether or not you are fit to enter 'heaven'.
>>348746
>Pork was banned from the abrahamic religions on the premise of hygiene and health in the time before proper domestication and preparation.
proofs
How can you understand them if you dont accept that the source is the Old World of Mesopotamia and the Anunnaki Gods ?
Islam follows Allahu, the Moon god known as Nannar or Nanna Sin.
His Daughter is Isis, the one you know as Inanna or Ishtar, Kali or Venus.
The gods were Aliens.
Welcome to the 21st century.
>>348831
Take your meds
Which infantry units in the ancient, medieval and reinassance periods were the most effective? I would love to know about few examples from each period. Pic unrelated.
Roman, Swiss, Swiss
>>348733
Anything decently equipped and not wallet searing recruited on masse.
>>348735
I would love to see you elaborate on this opinion.
What If everyone on /his/ had read Nietzsche?
"What If?"/Alt History threads would be gone (eternal recurrence). No Christposters would be left, nor Idealists. Leftykeks would renounce slave moralities. Utilitarians, Free Markeks, and Scientism dunderheads shot. Everyone would eat their "50 A Day" portion of fruit and an Eagle would perch atop the flag of the Ubermensch and sing the Hymn to Life.
Reading someone doesn't mean you agree with them or that everything they said is convincing or true. You're a faggot, bb.
>everyone how read Nietzsche agrees with his beta fantasies
>>348655
I didn't say anything like that. Although it's true that everyone would have to read him well for the OP to occur.
>>348656
How are any of his fantasies beta? He was the opposite. Will to health despite so much sickness. Able to accept the truth about orders of rank, slavery, etc despite having so much compassion.
Can we have a thread dedicated to Languages, specifically older ones.
Are there any good books/ works in Koine or Attic Greek?
Who /beginningtolearnlatin/ here.
>>348934
I took it years ago and decided to not major in history because i like money.
What are some good resources for Old English?
How useful is learning latin?
Outside of the common language(old english, latin, ancient greek, etc) is it practical to learn any dead language? For example, not that I want to learn it, but are there any good resources that have information of proto-slavic?
>Eurocentric history
What's /his/' opinion on this? "Just reality dude" or "muh feels say no bro"
Anti-Eurocentrism isn't about denying Europe's position in the world, it is more about moving further away from whiggish European exceptionalist narrativesand also about looking at events in a broader Eurasian and global context.
I think it gives Europeans more agency tbqh, instead of just being inheritors of some sort of driving cultural elan, there they are, literally whos cast out on the fringes of the major Eurasian trade spheres and they end up making a go of it and end up conquering vast swathes of the rest of the world. Obviously that's overly simple but its late and I can't be fucked making a proper post.
>>348931
>more about moving further away from whiggish European exceptionalist narratives
But that's reality
>>350036
Idiot
What are the essential History/Political/Philosophy books to own?
I finished pic related the other day and found it incredible.
>>348556
completely depends on your opinion in any of those subjects.
You're view of essential history reading will be informed by your political views.
And if you are remotely well thought, you're political views will be informed by your philosophical views.
You're joking...
That book was fun and interesting, but his arguments are undermined by his explicit and acknowledged choice to use Great Man theory.
Color blindness is an ideal that aims for a world where race is irrelevant, and everyone is treated equally.
The left academia claims that color-blindness causes more damage than solutions, for example, by ignoring the place of race in society. The left academia, then proposes "racial-consciousness", as a way to embrace your race and be able to detect racism.
On the other hand, color-blindness supporters claim that racial consciousness can be dangerous in a nation with latent neo-nazis
what is really racial-consciousness?
does it offer alternatives or not?
is color-blindness bad at all?
I'm not sociologist, these two articles have made me question about this debate. However, all I find is theories of how things are, few references, and no clear mechanisms.
>http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/the-lefts-attack-on-color-blindness-goes-too-far/403477/
>http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/color-blindness-is-counterproductive/405037/
Bunch of loaded terms leftists have pulled out of their ass, there are a ton of similar contradictions surrounding leftist racial politics. At the end of the day race exists and everyone needs to deal with it instead of pretending otherwise anyway.
>>348518
>race exists
Stay spooked, good goy
>>348520
>Genes aren't real
No, it's not a spook. You can hold a gene in your hand.
Equality is however a spook.
Has command economy ever worked?
good thread
>>348394
Only during the industrialization process.
Has "free" economy ever existed, and the real concept ever worked??