What was modern Pakistan like pre-Arab invasions and pre-Islam? Not just before the partition. Surely it wasn't exactly the same as India?
>>1301380
Pakistan minus the Iranic areas is India you fool.
Pakis are literally Muslim Indians.
>>1301380
Most of it was literally India even after islam. The only thing that makes modern Pakistan not india is the fact that the Republic of India claims this name and Pakistan doesn't want to be part of it. That's the only reason we have to use words like Hindustan, South Asia or Indian Subcontinent that were direct synonyms with India in the past.
That said, India/Hindustan is massively varied and in no way monolithic. In this aspect it's better compared to Europe than a single european country or region. The regions of Sindh and Punjab were one of those indian cultures and arguably where it all started for the indians.
Balochistan and Afghanistan (both the paki and the independent part) are more like a border region between iranic/central asian world and the hindustan.
I am reading a book named The Early Germans right now and am fascinated by how tribal these people were until what seems to be a fairly late time.
By what process were the Germans able to overcome their tribalistic nature and unify into more centralized kingdoms? Or am I overrating the centralization of Charlemagne and other Frankish groups?
Sorry if my English is bad, I am from Centrafrique.
>By what process were the Germans able to overcome their tribalistic nature and unify into more centralized kingdoms?
IIRC, the ideological shift went something like
>I hate Krauts who disagree with me, but I hate other countries even more
>>1301259
>By what process were the Germans able to overcome their tribalistic nature and unify into more centralized kingdoms?
Good question. I assume like a lot of civilizations. Tribal societies become more efficient, with the development of more efficient infrastructure with a more concentrated societal hierarchy, and develop an army. Pretty much the same process that a lot of ancient societies had to undertake.
Also, if you're really from Central African Republic, I'm surprised your English is at that standard.
>>1301294
He probably speaks French, and English is just a peasant dialect of French.
>wipes out life on earth in a flood
>kills tens of thousands of his own people at the drop of a hat
>commands his people to commit rape and genocide
What the fuck was his problem?
>>1301209
According to the book he wrote, he's got perfect judgement and is literally always right
So I guess those tribals had it coming, or something
>>1301209
He was actually the Devil all along.
>>1301209
I don't remember a hat ever being dropped in the Bible
Checkmate atheists
/his/ music thread? Share your favorites.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuQwxUEPFD4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4Xz7WV_qJs
>>1301119
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fVQwzv5Qfc
>yfw you and your lads will never go to pub and be pulled into service for the queen
>yfw you and your mates will never set sail for the colonies to spread the queens might
>>1301119
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U06jlgpMtQs
Objectively best national anthem of all time
https://youtu.be/1zSowOS4Wyg
https://youtu.be/43LKHuQWsBs
Fife and drum is pretty op
Come on in /his/ share some of the tragedy and the glory of the old Empire. Brownie points to art of Central Asia, WWI, or the Russo-Japanese War.
I'll start. This is a piece by the painter Vasily Vereshchagin that I like a lot.
>>1300882
idk about any paintings. all you have to do is listen to tchaikovsky's 1812 overture to experience the greatness of Russia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbxgYlcNxE8
>>1300882
Repin is GOAT.
EASTERN FLEET BTFO!!!!
What made Athenian Democracy so effective, and is it better than the current model of democracy in say, Britain
Why post a picture depicting the Roman Senate?
>>1300543
It wasn't, it was mostly squabbling and mob rule. But then, britain is shit too.
t.Brit
>>1300543
It wasn't effective.
Apparently this is a poleaxe wound (skull is from battle of Towton which is pretty well known for similar gruesome finds) I wonder if he got hit with the blade or the hammer part.
Post damaged skulls.
This skull is from viking age and it's a sword wound so there goes the myth of ''le blunt european swords''
This one is from battle of Visby and I don't know what killed this guy but he is still wearing armor which is pretty fucking metal.
Also from Visby and also no details what happened to this guy.
Can the strategies/tactics described in The Art of War still be applied to todays combat?
>>1300034
Yes. Burn everything.
Some of them yes, some of them no.
>>1300034
Most of it can really be applied to any struggle one has in life.
Can someone recommend me some reading material about historical Jesus or early Christianity? Preferably one that compares current New Testament interpretations with what they (probably) actually meant back then.
>>1299764
Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium by Bart Ehrman.
I found it to be fantastic, and I was pleased with how much of the sayings and radical theology of Jesus were found to be consistent with the historical analysis by Ehrman.
He's one of the foremost New Testament scholars and historians.
I also recommend How Jesus Became God, also by him, on the subject of early Christianity.
Another book I recommend is When God Spoke Greek: The Septuagint and the Making of the Christian Bible by Timothy Michael Law, based on the usage of the Greek translation of the Old Testament by the early Churches and New Testament writers themselves.
>>1299829
Thanks. I think I'd already heard his (Ehrman's) name, but I don't remember the context. I'll look for those books.
>>1299764
Nothing by that cunt Bart Ehrman. He's an absolute fraud.
For ancient & dead languages, how do historians know when they have deciphered/translated them successfully?
What frame of reference exists for them to know that they have for certain deciphered and translated, say, a Sumerian tablet? How can they ever know that they are correct if there's nothing to really say "yeah, that's what it's saying"?
>>1297869
Peer-review, mostly.
Also, if you can translate other texts, without sounding silly.
>>1297869
>frame of reference
The Rosetta Stone (examples of older translations which language by language have led us to quasi living languages like Latin, Greek and Hebrew.)
>>1297897 /this
>>1297869
Often in a language we already know exist merchant vocabulary lists for those we don't.
From that few words you can usually reverse engineer other words and the grammar.
Often Languages as well are close enough that you can transfer stuff over. Hebrew and Arab are for example REALLY close and it easy to learn the other if you know one of them.
There are some ancient languages where neither is the case. And guess what: We don't have a clue what they say.
He was a poorly-spoken Corsican who was relentlessly cuckolded by his wife Josephine, and he had lost many wars, why is he even seen as the next Caesar? Caesar was better than Napoleon and accomplished much more, Caesar's Empire lasted over a millennium, while his couldn't even survive a mere ten years.
>>1297811
half a millennium*
>>1297821
1453
>>1297811
Napoleon eventually divorced Josephine. Caesar's first wife also cucked him (see good goddess scandal). Caesar did not establish an empire; Augustus did. Define "better."
Post more pics like this
>>1296572
Based prince.
<black prince
WE
>The age of unique uniforms are over
>>1295585
Camouflage was a mistake.
>>1295589
It was.
Best uniform
What did you learn today, /his/?
Today I learned that Cape Horn is named such not because it is pointy and resembles a horn, but because the Dutch ship that first went around it was called the Horne.
Reddit tier
Today I learned that Cape Horn is named such not because it is pointy and resembles a horn, but because the Dutch ship that first went around it was called the Horne.
I learned about a ship named the Cape Horn and that Baltimore is apparently in Maryland.
>>1294360
>Coahuila
>capital city is Acuña
REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
>>1294468
Also, why is it at the center and not at the north?
>>1294360
Pls don't lump us with the costeños.
t. Antioquian