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What was the difference between mamluks and janissaries?
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>>1328968
Janies are infantry. Mamluks were cavalrymen.
Also Mamluks was an arab thing. The Caliphates started hiring/buying Turkic/Central Asian/Circassian People who are cavalry-wise in bulk and made them military slaves.
Due to the decline of the Abbasids this slave status became """""""""""slave"""""""""" status as they became breddy important in society. Eventually these """""""slaves""""""""" started carving out states of their own.
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>>1328968
the name
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>>1328974
Mamluks werent as much a professional standing force as they were a class of "slaves" who then took over power.
Both are turkic warriors and it was a shame Selim had to waste so much time and turkic lives to get egypt under his control.
Also as another poster said Janissaries were multirole infantry forces, while mamluks were mostly horseback.
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>Caused the king of france and the highest ranking HRE duke to turn back by being a petty ass hole
>Heavily taxed the church
>Split the forces of the remaining crusader army by still being a petty ass hole who refused to attack Jerusalem
>Assassinated the man he sold to cyprus to like a jew
>Most importantly lost
Why do christfags worship richard the lionheart?
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Because there is basically none to worship from crusader pov.
They were all complete losers who lost everything that could be lost.
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>>1328952
That's the ransom of Visby though. Basically Gotland lost a battle with Denmark in Visby (they have a famous mass grave where the slain were thrown in still wearing their armor), and the cunts have to pay of the Danes for not sacking Visby.
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>>1328952
>Caused the king of france and the highest ranking HRE duke to turn back by being a petty ass hole
The French had no intention of going on crusade and the HRE only turned back because their leader died and the army fell apart. Hell, they fought a huge battle at Iconium.
>Split the forces of the remaining crusader army by still being a petty ass hole who refused to attack Jerusalem
More like didn't have the resources to pull Saladin out of it
>Most importantly lost
But he didn't lose. He didn't win, but he won the agreement that opened up Jerusalem to pilgrims. And on a shoestring army as well.
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Is she the most important child in terms of history?
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Who is this slag
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>>1328824
hitler's youth
>does no miracles
>angels and visions appear only to him; not even his closest followers
>makes no accurate prophesy or prediction, even within the narrative of the Quran itself
>takes a 9 year old as his wife
>gets 'revelations' at convenient times
>speaks on behalf of demons (google satanic verses)
>claimed that Jesus preached Islam
>told his army that God wants you to take as many sex slaves 'as your right hand can posses' as war prizes. But if you die fighting for Allah you get a harem of virgins in heaven anyway - a convenient win-win situation, especially if you're trying to inspire an army of desert savages
>gets poisoned by a Jewish woman and dies a slow agonizing death
>his god does nothing to help, or even warn him of his impending death
>as he is dying he doesn't even receive a 'revelation' about the theological reasoning for why the 'greatest prophet ever' is drying in such dishonor
>not a single authenic miralce has been recorded in the history of Islam since
>hailed as the last, true messenger of Allah, the only true god by millions
How does this make any sense again?
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>>1328619
Ali was a prophet?
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>>1328619
As much sense as a jew who claimed to have authority over every other christian, and change the original tenet of the religion because "jeeesus appeared in a vision"
If you subscribe to Pauline Christianity you have no right to bitch about it. Paul and Mohammad are basically the same in using Jesus for their own religion distinct religion.
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>>1328619
>>takes a 9 year old as his wife
6
They say he waited 3 years to deflower her. That would make him 57.
A 57 year old with a 9 year old "wife".
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Why were people married at such a young age during the Middle Ages?
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>>1328568
Children had a higher sex drive back then, a consequence of the low life expectancy and general shitty quality of life. You had to breed faster because you would die much sooner.
With the gradual removal of scarcity, marriage started happening later in life, as the need for breeding wasn't as dire.
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>>1328568
FOR TWO PRIME REASONS; ONE ETHICOMORAL, ONE EXPEDIENT.
THE ETHICOMORAL REASON WAS THAT TWO SOULS OUGHT TO JOIN IN MARRIAGE WHILST STILL IN THE UNCORRUPTED PURITY OF CHILDHOOD.
THE EXPEDIENT REASON WAS THAT BY MARRYING THE PAIR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ANY POTENTIAL ACCIDENTS, OR INCIDENTS, THAT MAY HAVE PREVENTED THE UNION, WERE NEUTERED, AND ANY AGENDA BEHIND THE UNION WAS THUS EXPEDITED.
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>No, no, get this, we'll just build a massive wall, with artillery and shit, on the border of our bitter rival
>There's no way they'll just go around it through Belgium, right
What did they mean by this?
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>>1328555
They expected Germany to abide by a treaty, which would have been perfectly reasonable had it been a nation other than fucking Germany. There's no excuse.
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>>1328555
they did expect them to go through belgium, they just didn't expect such a strong attack from the ardennes
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>>1328555
Look at it this way smart guy
You might need 10,000 guys to defend using ditches , but you only need 1,000 to defend concrete emplacements
Thereby leaving the defender with more spare manpower for reserves and offensive manoeuvres
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How can I legitimate my own political system nowadays? Serious question.
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>>1328528
Through civic participation.
A citizenry actively involved with the affairs of state is the greatest safeguard against domestic tyranny
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>>1328528
where do you live
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>>1328566
Spain.
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How was life in unit 731 as a prisioner?
How did nurses treat you?
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>>1328484
You were beaten and experimented on.
And then you died.
If you were a woman you were also raped.
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>>1328496
Sounds cozier than my current living situation desu
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>>1328512
Where do you live? London 15 years from now?
What is populism, really?
Was its first and last chance as a serious political movement the late 19th century Midwest?
Was William Jennings Bryan a fool or our savior?
If its just a movement appealing to the "common man" isn't that what all political parties try to do ?
Why has it been villinized for decades?
>Only in an oligarchy is populism a dirty word
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It's not just about appealing to the common man, it's about demonizing and scapegoating some "elite," explicitly or implicitly. Often it means, essentially, flattering the uninformed by telling them that experts are frauds.
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>>1328478
Is that an antisemitic poster?
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>>1328504
No
It's showing Williams Jennings Bryan as a monster
He ran for president as a populist and got support from Midwest farmers
Later was a major player in the scopes monkey trial
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Some questions about Buddhist philosophy I'd like elaborated on:
1) Although any given object is impermanent, isn't it still possible to stay abstractions are? A ball is impermanent, but the notion of roundness is not.
2) If Samsara is beginningless, would it be fair to say the only thing that is permanent in Becoming is Becoming itself?
3) a) Existence is a process, not a thing b) Abstract categories, qualities, properties etc. are the patterns in this process c) Ergo, patterns are permanent, although still conditioned and certainly not a viable object of enlightenment and transcendence
What do you think? Can Buddhism accept the existence of Forms, Ideas, etc. general patterns of the process that is existence (though still conditioned and illusory relative to the Ultimate) without sacrificing any of its truths?
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Buddhist will dogde any question or critique of their metaphysics saying that it is not conducive to enlightenment. But when there is no one worthy in the audience they'll brag about muh Buddhist metaphysics, muh Buddhist psychology...
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>>1328390
More like you can't communicate the transcendent to plebs, which is true.
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>>1328369
>1
All phenomenas are impermanent. This means all conditioned, anything that is subject to change, etc. That would include roundness, hotness, etc
>2
Act of becoming is part of conditioned things. Thus impermanent.
>3
Existence and nonexistences are incompatibility with impermanence and emptiness. On a purely liberal usage of language, existence can be a process, but these are superficial.
>What do you think?
Forms and ideas, etc in general are great for nominal description. Just like having a name and identifying yourself as a "self-existing" person. Anything beyond that goes against the buddhist core anicca and anatman.
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How is it possible that Prohibition lasted thirteen years without Coolidge, Hoover, or FDR making a single statement on it? I get that they were avoiding the subject because they were afraid of alienating voters, but how did the press not hound them about it?
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>>1328356
Women. It's always women that ruin stuff for society when they get power.
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>>1329308
>Discounting batshit insane American Christcucks.
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>>1329318
Them too
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When I was 15 my friends and I beat the shit out of the first kid in our school to come out the closet. We all got arrested and all of us spent time in juvie. I did 8 months.
When I got out, my probation officer was one of the coolest people I ever met at the time. I was on house arrest and was pissed off that my aunt wouldn't go to Walmart on my behalf when 007 everything or nothing came out to buy it and he did it for me. When he told me he was gay I broke down and apologized for what I had done to the gay kid when I was young. He accepted and soon found me a job working at the pride center a few hours here and there. When I turned 18 and got off probation they hirede full time. It was then that I saw the kid that I had beat the shit out of when I was young.
After apologizing profusely he accepted. We became real close friends after. He even introduced me to his straight girlfriends and I hooked up with a couple of them. After a while I found a new job but we stayed in touch for the years after.
He committed suicide 2 weeks ago. And today will mark 2 years that my old Probation officer passed away. These two men taught me more about love and compassion and faith than any priest or pastor or psychologist did. I have a hard time believing that they would be in hell right now. So my question to you Christians is, are they going to hell?
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>>1328332
Yeah lmao
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>>1328332
Yeah, sorry lad.
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> elaborate ritual
> bells
> chants and choirs
> incense
> processions
> rosaries
> images
> holy water
> monks
> nuns
> abbots
> Lama (basically a Pope)
> angels
> saints
> confession
> purgatory
> priests wear skirt robes
what´s the deal between tibetan buddhism and roman catholic church?
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>>1328307
Ones run by Chinese and the others run my Europeans
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>>1328317
>the others run my Europeans
Shlomo?
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>>1328317
>Yo Pope Francis. Yeah, it's Schlomo from Nu Yohk. Are you taking care of my Yuropeans for me? Good goy... Oh the new Argentinian president? Our friends South of the Equador will see that he gets shut down soon enough. Yes...
*Rubs hands*
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If all young people think to know better than the old people, but all the old people were young once, does this mean old people generally know better than young people, because young people never were old?
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>>1328293
Yes.
In other news, young people are young and old people are old.
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>>1328302
Would this an argument for or against preventing really old people from voting? Some seem to seriously question this pointing at the demographics regarding Brexit.
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>>1328310
Neither. Unless your country abandons voting rights.
Was Hitler basically a meth head?
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No. He was a puppet, though.
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>>1328265
Wat?