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Archived threads in /his/ - History & Humanities - 1296. page

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Ignore the libertarians and reactionaries. The only necessary refutation of Marxism comes from this man. The reason I moved away from Marxism and towards a Keynesian Old Left social democracy tempered by a philosophical conservatism and a rejection of hubristic narratives.
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https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=bGF3cmVuY2VraW5nLm5ldHx3d3d8Z3g6N2I3NzViMWZiZTgxNDBkNQ
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The only necessary refutation of Marxism is reality, but Kolakowski is good anyway. He actually read all that bullshit.
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>"The Marcusian union of Eros and Logos can only be realized in the form of a totalitarian state, established and governed by force; the freedom he advocates is non-freedom. If 'true' freedom does not mean freedom of choice but consists in choosing a particular object; if freedom of speech does not mean that people can say what they like, but that they must say the right thing; and if Marcuse and his followers have the sole right to decide what people must choose and what they must say, then 'freedom' has simply taken on the contrary of its normal Sense. In these terms a 'free' society is one that deprives people of freedom to choose either objects or ideas except at the behest of those who know better."

>"It should be noted that Marcuse's demands go much further than Soviet totalitarian Communism has ever done: either in theory or in practice. Even in the worst days of Stalinism, despite universal indoctrination and the enslavement of knowledge to ideology, it was recognized that some fields were neutral in themselves and subject only to logical and empirical laws: this was true of mathematics, physics, and also technology except for one or two brief periods. Marcuse, on the other hand, insists that normative essences must prevail in every domain, that there must be a new technology and a new qualitative science of which we know nothing whatever except that they are new; they must be freed from the prejudices of experience and 'mathematization'-i.e. attainable without any knowledge of mathematics, physics, or any other science and must absolutely transcend our present knowledge."

>"There could hardly be a clearer instance of the replacement of Marx's slogan 'either socialism or barbarism' by the version 'socialism equals barbarism'. And there is probably no other philosopher in our day who deserves as completely as Marcuse to be called the ideologist of obscurantism"

Can Cultural Marxism ever recover?

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ITT: leaders who could have done great things but never really got a fair shot (such as pic related)
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>>2648614
i personally think most leaders, if given eternal life to rule, would end up creating a near-utopia in no less then 150 years.
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I kind of want to nominate Kerensky, but he was an idiot staying in the war.

How about "Pyotr Solypin"?
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>>2648614
Nixon

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>1071
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>1066
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>1453
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>476

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According to David Glantz, Guderian going to Kiev instead of Moscow was turning a mayor turning point in the war

is he full of shit or he's right?

what kind threat were those half million soviets at Kiev? Could they launch an offensive at Army Group Middle southern flank?
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That's like 4 or 5 encircled armies. They could've been a huge thorn in German side if left unchecked, the entire Southern front would turn into chaos.

I think Kiev wasn't so important as the Smolensk, where the Germans lost too much precious time (July-September) cleaning Soviet pockets around Mostok and Mogilev.
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>>2648558
Glantz is right. Kiev had no strategic value whatsoever. Moscow was not only the capital of the Soviet Union, but also the most important railroad juncture and a major manufacturing center.
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>>2648727
>railroad juncture and a major manufacturing center.
I keep hearing this but no source

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What were the chances of East Germany remaining a separate state after fall of communism? What if they embraced capitalism but remained independent instead?
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Can we just make this a girls in uniform thread? Because that's a really nice picture OP


Pls no anime girls
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>>2648554
East Germany was best Germany.
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>>2648554
>What were the chances of East Germany remaining a separate state after fall of communism?
None, East and West Germany never had distinct identities, once Germany was unified, it was never going to accept being seperated into smaller states.

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The phantom time hypothesis is a historical conspiracy theory asserted by Heribert Illig, first published in 1991.
>The hypothesis proposes a conspiracy by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, Pope Sylvester II, and possibly the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, to fabricate the Anno Domini dating system retrospectively, so that it placed them at the special year of AD 1000, and to rewrite history to legitimize Otto's claim to the Holy Roman Empire.
>According to this scenario, the entire Carolingian period, including the figure of Charlemagne, would be a fabrication, with a "phantom time" of 297 years (AD 614 to 911) added to the Early Middle Ages.

The bases of Illig's hypothesis include:
>The scarcity of archaeological evidence that can be reliably dated to the period AD 614–911, the perceived inadequacies of radiometric and dendrochronological methods of dating this period, and the over-reliance of medieval historians on written sources.
>The presence of Romanesque architecture in tenth-century Western Europe, suggesting the Roman era was not as long ago as conventionally thought.
>The relation between the Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar and the underlying astronomical solar or tropical year. The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar, was long known to introduce a discrepancy from the tropical year of around one day for each century that the calendar was in use. By the time the Gregorian calendar was introduced in AD 1582, Illig alleges that the old Julian calendar should have produced a discrepancy of thirteen days between it and the real (or tropical) calendar. Instead, the astronomers and mathematicians working for Pope Gregory XIII had found that the civil calendar needed to be adjusted by only ten days. (The Julian calendar day Thursday, 4 October 1582 was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582). From this, Illig concludes that the AD era had counted roughly three centuries which never existed.
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Whether it's true or not I don't know but if anything it ultimately shows how abstract and irrelevant our dating systems really are. It really wouldn't make a difference in our lives if a few centuries were arbitrarily added or taken away.
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>>2648343
what about all the fucking buildings and documents and shit the Muslims, Indians, and Chinese have
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>>2648419
>Muslims, Indians, and Chinese
They aren't even on the same time measurements.

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So i tried posting this on /k/, and I was told to fuck off and go here, so, here I am.

What was the worst designed sword during the middle ages?

Just need this as a topic for debate with my friend who thinks falchion swords are edgy Spanish garbage.

picrelated (falchion sword)
73 posts and 19 images submitted.
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katana
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>>2648229
The falchion sword was pretty well designed. Nice, broad curved blade for slashing and a thicker, straight point for thrusting. That's a good design in my opinion.

There were no bad designed swords, otherwise you wouldn't have heard of them, as they'd had been deprecated. Swords evolved with whatever the were meant to fight against.

I'd go with some fancy ass ceremonial thing wielded by some king, with no practical use.
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>>2648229
The efficacy of any sword's design is going to be completely dependent on who's using it.

Might be too long or too short for you, but fucking perfect for this one weird guy with short legs and long arms.

Or maybe the blade is too curvy and you can't hit anything? Well it's a fucking cunt destroyer in the hands of this one thickset guy good at spinning on his heel and shit.

Whatever is a terrible design for you is going to be the fucking end-all, be-all, human veg-a-matic in the hands of somebody different.

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Where were you when Napoleon became a waifu?
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Requesting Beria.
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When there's a new thread
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>>2648198
What is this foul witchcraft?

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Angkor is considered the greatest Southeast Asian city of all time.

However the city was mostly canals, farms and most people lived in huts.

They had great temples and palaces but does that make a city great?
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>>2648172
You could say the same about Rome
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>>2648172
>but does that make a city great?
Apparantly for southeasian standards it was a great city.
Place it in Africa and it would be a divine marvel; place it in europe or china and noone would give a shit-
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>>2648184

Their cities were like modern cities desu

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So how was Phalanx combat fought? How common was the Phalanx? I've heard that Phalanx combat wasn't as organized and it was pretty chaotic.
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>>2648130
The formations usually fell apart if they weren't on flat ground.

In the early days a lot of people would break and run if they were on the edges of the formation, so they adopted to practice of having the most experienced soldiers in the front, rear and sides of the formation so any noobs thinking of routing would have no choice but to fight it out.
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>>2648130
seems like it was mostly intimidation, the enemy is also forced to mirror the formation if they want to fight back, the advancing lines plus spear men being protected by shields would be strong against anything other than suicidal charges so you always need more soldiers than the enemy to win and a willingness to sacrifice yourself.
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>>2648272
>other than suicidal charges so you always need more soldiers than the enemy to win and a willingness to sacrifice yourself

God reading the battles the Romans fought against the Macedonian phalanx are absolutely insane. Just literally trying to dodge the spears and then hacking the phalangites to pieces. I think there's a description of the Macedonians at Cynocephalae after the battle being absolutely horrified at the carnage the Romans inflicted, with decapitations left and right, limbs hacked off.

Takes some real cajones to run willingly into what effectively is an enormous bristling pincushion.

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>say something nice about the Ottomans and/or Turkey
>overweight, smelly, /pol/-browing, autistic, pimply teenagers calling themselves "Byzanboos" think they're clever and post pictures of bug spry
>"haha, I've spent literally the past month and half playing CK2 with zero human interaction, go back roach!"

Can we agree that the Byzantine Empire has literally the most retarded fan base of any state in all of history?
Thanks.
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Make me a kebab mehmet. Easy on the sauce. Your subhumans cousins back home depend on the euros you send them.
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>>2648111
Ohne Zwiebeln und Knoblauch bitte
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>>2648119

excuse you Manuel I am a white American watching out for my Turkish allies
You should really get over your hate for them, its getting a bit immature 150 years later.

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Has the Catholic church changed throughout the eons?

They say frequently "as the Catholic church has always taught" but somethings have clearly changed.

>slavery okay so long as you treat slaves well
>nvm slavery has always been a moral evil
>usury is evil
>leftover church funds collect interest and vatican has been caught with its pants down on many shady money deals
>first bishops all martyred lived ascetic life's with confession done aloud and to the congregation
>first popes lived lavishly, confession changed to one on one during medieval era

It kind of just goes on and on. Im a Catholic and don't wish to cause scandal within the church but I have a hard time buying this "development of doctrine". Many are just straight up 180's.
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>>2647899
No, it was always just liars and hypocrites. It's the public opinion that changed - can't have it all out now. But if only it was legal, church would encourage to kill infidels.
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>>2647899
>Early Biblical patriarchs had multiple wives and married their first cousins or even their sisters
>Ban concubinage and decide that consanguinity is grounds divorce, even though Jesus said nothing about it
>Selectively apply this consanguinity divorce clause for certain nobles in exchange for favors and large donations
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>>2648502

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How did Roman and later Byzantine fortifications evolve from the time of Augustus until the first crusade? What are some of the main changes during this period in placement, style and technique?

Did the Byzantines have castle like structures?

Pic unrelated
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>>2647837
I don't know much about this but I believe the Romans made what could be considered the first castles during the later empire. IIRC Constantine built a series of large forts in Gaul, along the border of Germania, and these were made mostly out of stone and had great big towers. I think this type of fortress carried and evolved on in the eastern empire which was eventually passed back west around the time of the crusades which is why we have stuff like Stirling castle in Britain.
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>>2647837
Define castle? The nature of warfare was very different ie. much larger armies, less power given on the aristocracy. So a castle as people know in the west didn't really exist. The western, namely English or French castle was usually (and I do say "usually" knowing that there are some exceptions) was for protecting an aristocratic family with a central keep mediating between a military structure and a civilian structure. The majority of castles in the Byzantine empire had one primary function, provide housing and support to the army hence their design was much more adapted to that. The central ughhh for the lack of a better term "keep" was smaller but the over all walled area greater allowing for tents and other temporary structures to be erected inside.
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>>2647837
Something interesting you should look at regarding Roman fortifications is the Saxon shore. They were a series of forts on the east coast of England to defend against raiding Saxons and they bear a good resemblance to medieval castles.

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>Greatest commanders of Spanish military history Ambrogio Spinola and Alessandro Farnesse Duke of Parma: Italian
>Greatest commander of French military history Napoleon Bonaparte: Italian
>Napoleon's greatest Marshal, Andre Massena: Italian
>Greatest commanders of Austrian/HRE military history Eugene of Savoy, Ottavio Piccolomini, Raimondo Montecuccoli, and many others: Italian
>Romans
>BTFO French medieval knights in a number of challenges
>BTFO French in war of Sicilian Vespers
>Calabrian peasants give the armies of France the hardest Guerilla war they ever fight, more so than the Peninsular War even
What did they mean by this?/WTF I love Italy now

Italians confirmed to be military master race?
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>>2647742
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>Italy gets repeatedly BTFO by Austria in WW1 under their Piedmontese Chief of Staff
>saved by a Spaniard-Neapolitan who takes command and BTFOs Austria

what did they mean by this.
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>>2647755
>Diaz
>Not being completely Italian
>Spanish sounding surnames
>Not being common in Naples

W E W L A D
W
E
W
L
A
D

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From a purely philosophical standpoint, why should I as a man support true equality between genders?
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what do you mean by "true equality between genders"
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From a metaphysical standpoint I don't give a shit.
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>>2647721

Because most likely you need a 2nd set of income to support any sort of family if you want one.

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