In modern times, people appear to just say a republic is a government with no king. Fine, but to me that seems not to be the case with how classical era governments were considered.
The word republic comes from the Latin 'Res Publica' meaning 'public thing', a government that is the public affair of its citizens and not the private concern of individuals.
Monarchy, comes from the Greek 'mon' (One), and 'Archon' (ruler).
Monarchy = One ruler
Diarchy = ruled by two
Triarchy = ruled by three
etc
So, being a republic is not mutually exclusive with being a monarchy? Look at Sparta, two kings, an assembly body that did most of the decision making, a constitution, and citizenship. Was Sparta a Republic?
>>869063
No because the kings were hereditary and the ruling class was made up of an elite upperclass that wasn't elected. Sparta isn't a monarchy or republic, it is an oligarchy because it was ruled by a small group of elite officials.
>>869521
Athens is the classic example of a democracy, and only the upper section of its populace was voting citizens. And it didn't elect its politicians either.
(They used sortition for their politicians, because electing politicians was aristocratic and undemocratic according to them)
>>869521
No for fuck sake, stop taking your modern definitions of whater into your judgement. Sparta was a democracy due to the definitions of the citizen. Which was a man born from two spartan parents.
Athens were the same but it had more lax rules and it created more stability because of it. However Athens was far more warmongering because they could travel and battle without fearing a slave rebellion.
What is the significance/symbolism of the hops growing on trees? Also does anyone feel like sharing weird art?
What is your opinion of Cesare Borgia?
Based as it gets
>>868077
Should have been pope desu.
Good boy
Ok /his/ I know this might be very specific but how much decently sourced information do we have on Byzantium in the years following the 4th crusade?
I'm talking Latin Empire and Palaiologos restoration, and mainly economic (tax records, treasury size etc.) and population (both of Constantinople and the countryside) stats, but literally any will do.
We all know Byzantium was weakened by the 4th crusade, but by how much, and how well did they hang on in the 250 years that followed? Were they ultra fucked and cucked out of all their wealth? Or did they have a large population and economy even after the crusade?
>>868045
One estimate I know of puts Constantinople's population prior to the 4th Crusade at 400,000, and the Byzantines retook it at about 35,000 people, and rebuilt the city to around 70,000. Hurt them pretty bad.
>>868045
After the Palaiologoi reclaimed Constantinople from the Latin Empire they gradually lost control of Nicaea and Asia Minor to the Turks and Athens to the Catalans during his reign https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos
After that there was a disastrous civil war between Ioannes Katakouzenos - duke of thessalonika and emperor Andronikos III.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos
After that the ottomans took Thrace and the Serbs and Bulgarians the rest of the Balkans except Morea.
Then Bayezid conquered most of the Balkans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayezid_I
From the 1350s onwards there were effectively reduced to a vassal state of the ottomans and were only saved by the mongols coming in and defeating bayezid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara
After that Ioannes VIII attempted to get help from the West by mending the Schism but it wasultimately fruitless.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Florence
Then the fall of constantinople happened at 1453 thus ending the empire.
Trebizond fell om 1461.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond
I believe at this point, the Byzantines were barely subsisting by selling off their relics and some meaningless (but cool-sounding) titles to Western rulers.
How would you suggest that failing countries escape the legitimacy trap.
>effective governments need legitimacy
>Legitimacy is brought about through effective government
Solicit arms and money from the US or Russia.
legitimacy died in 1789
History's biggest assholes
mitsuhide was alright, nobunaga though was not the romantic hero
<--- This fuckin' frog lmao
Trotsky
>>867514
Tokugawa please.
Oda was a leader and a genius.
He defeated the Imagawa, took Kyoto and conquered Japan.
Mitsuhide on the other hand backstabbed Oda for no fucking reason.
>democracy was saved by a proto-fascist monarchy
Then they were funded by their old enemy to destroy said democracy.
What's your point? What do you want to discuss about this?
>The parents of modern democracy were merchants and Masons
Why wasn't the bicycle invented until the 19th century? It's relatively simple and could have vastly improved transportation centuries earlier than it appeared.
good steel and tooling were probably needed to make it viable
surprising that the Draisine wasn't a novelty earlier though
Steel and rubber. Especially rubber kicked off in only late 18th century.
>>867297
Are there any real alternatives to using rubber for tires?
sup /his/, can we get a revolutionary/civil war thread going? this is the only related webm i have but i would like to build up a folder.
- gif's and pics allowed.
- bonus for euromaidan
- no pre-1900
I can't help but find these rioters pathetic
They feel like epic revolutionary but they're really just trying to immolate (one of the most barbaric action possible) a bunch of dudes who have order to do nothing but spray pepper at them.
When law enforcers used lethal force like during the French Revolution, I can understand trying to kill them, but what I see in this webm just disgusts me
>>867306
meh, they are just bored anarchists. they got shot (by snipers) for a reason. mess with the bull, you get the horns.
>>867306
>spray pepper
Dude that's Ukrainian maidan, they were actually shooting those fuckers with live rounds. Pretty brutal revolt on both sides and particularly funny since both of them tended to go full medieval warfare.
My new theory and thought of the illuminati and their plan to take control of the society and earth.
:My Thoughts are that the illuminati are dumbing down the human consciousness and spirit through the government and religion, so that the illuminati and Saturnists can start a new world order and control earth. #OpenMind #HighConsciousness #HigherPerspective
my theory is that you're a moron
Fuck man, don't tease us like this, go deeper into your theory.
>makes Illuminati thread
>didn't bother to use the original logo
I give this a meme/10, would not recommend.
Anything and everything art
This is a Good Documentary Thread
BBC -The Strong Leader (2000)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTWvsoQYSjw
PBS - China A Century of Revolution 1911 - 1949 (2002)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5cl0GjPjy4
BBC - The Plot Against Harold Wilson (2006)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6v1VxB5Lss
BBC - Andrew Marr's The Making of Modern Britain (2009)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBa1U5Jj-PQ
BBC - Frederick the Great and the Enigma of Prussia (2010)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WMNkd6-CMY
Not documentaries but three interesting interviews with figures of some historical relevance in British and African (through Rhodesia) politics:
ITV - The Frost Programme: Ian Smith (1967)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C7-Bgh_un8
ITV - The Frost Programme: Oswald Mosley (1967)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd7LcaXZzUs
ITV - Frost on Friday: Enoch Powell (1969)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdr96F5PfMg
>>866937
Pic related is probably the best documentary about african decolonization out there.
Shot for 3 years in the place and during the act.
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2f3rig
Personal favorite
Vietnam and psychology of war
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0m573MxXXw
What is strongest modern country that could be defeated by Roman Empire in its peak?
>>866753
None of them
>>866753
Vanuatu
are you stupid?
Is this accurate?
Who else is there to add?
>>866484
>"""""""""""philosophers"""""""""""" chart
This is most accurate chart I believe.
>>866501
Why are Marxism and Communism separate?
Any examples of successful revolutions without bunch of dicks usurped the power from original revolution makers or rebels become even more corrupted than previous government?
>>866290
The Maccabean one.
You have to be pretty deluded to think that the Jacobins were worse than what came before them.
revolution and counter revolution, without these things it is not a proper revolution
to make the populares become involved means you have a proper revolution and thus an action towards renewed passivity, the re-action as a revolution grows into populism it becomes a true revolution even if populism is a reactionary one