How many hours a day do you think the average person (let's say in Western Europe but any examples anywhere in the world are welcome) worked prior to the industrial revolution?
The reason I ask this is because I've been reading a book (written by an economic philosopher, not an historian) that suggested that on average prior to the industrial revolution people spent about 3 hours a week on what we'd consider 'work' (IE ensuring their survival needs were met).
She cited a work called "Stone age economics" which claimed that Kung men hunted from two to two and a half days a week with an average workweek of fifteen hours. She also quotes Dr Frithjof Bergmann as saying "For most of human history, people only worked two or three hours a week. As we moved from agriculture to industralization, work hours increased..."
I found these statements a little surprising. I was always under the impression that before many of the conveniences of our present lifestyle, things were more time-consuming and the average person toiled away hunting or harvesting. I have a hard time imagining the average feudal serf only working for three hours a week, for example.
Does anyone have any knowledge of how true the above is in different circumstances?
Are we, on average, spending more of our time making a living than other societies before us?
pic semi related
I know that hunter-gatherers spent little time working, as to peasants working farms, they had tons of holidays to party and drink shitty beer.
Remembered this video and dug it up just for you, OP.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmMpxwbYyhU
:)
>>893457
This.
It was pretty shitty being a peasant in the Middle Ages, but working super-hard wasn't one of the reasons for it. Thanks to the Church's calendar of feasts and holy days, people up and down the economic ladder constantly got time off. Granted, much of this time off was spent in prayer and fasting and at Mass, but it was still time they weren't required to work.
I'm in a devised theater piece about two servants in a French countryside estate that are keeping the Mona Lisa out of the hands of Nazis. I play one of the servants but I don't know a lot about the period to make a good backstory. It takes place around 1942. What was France like at the time? What importance did the Mona Lisa have to the French? What was life like for a lower class servant? Information of this nature would be most helpful and appreciated.
The Mona Lisa was a great source of national pride for the French, along with many other pieces in the Louvre that were moved before the occupation of Paris.
bump for a neat thread
>>893338
>>893342
thanks anons. I guess I can bump the thread with more information about the show. It's a silent clown show that gets progressively more absurd until the Nazis and servants have a dance off to the music of popular dance offs in film. In a way we're trying to create art that Hitler would have labeled degenerate and we're drawing heavily from Dada stuff. Other influences include Buster Keaton and the like
Daily reminder that if you don't understand the philosophy of history, you'll never interpret events correctly.
Reminder that you should never read Hegel's Philosophy of History without understanding his Phenomenology first.
>>893054
"Philosophy" of History is nonsense.
>>893090
*tips fedora*
If the Universe is the sum total of all things, does the idea of nothing exist? I'm not a religious person but when most people who say you experience nothing when dead isn't that just a unfalsifiable claim much like wether there is or isn't a god? The idea of nothing doesn't exist because we haven't experienced it, nothing is just a made up idea. For there to be nothing it cannot be described, can't have colour,shape,time, space and so on. So what is most likely to happen when you die? If not nothing?
>>893005
Consider that nothingness could potentially have been experienced by those who are dead.
Unfortunately, we can't talk to dead people.
>>893005
>If the Universe is the sum total of all things, does the idea of nothing exist
Only metaphorically. What you are saying has been put forth by the Greek Monosts thousands of years ago. Today we know empirically that true vacuums do not exist.
So you can say "there is nothing the pot" and it makes sense because by nothing you are just mean nothing visible the the naked eye. This has the interesting consequence of making it so the universe is eternal, since a universe that is not eternal would have to involve a "nothing" either at the start or end.
>>893027
Dead is a just a state of being where the material of the body is in decay. Or if you want to get into spirtual stuff their "soul" has moved to another realm. In either case there is no "nothing" because the matter still exists and the other realm would not be "nothing".
Death is ultimately a human word to describe the particular state of some items.
>>893027
That's why I'm asking if there is no way to prove it how can be be sure it exist or that we can experience it. It's about as convincing as heaven or hell.
Some argue that Tricky Dick was the greatest president of all time.
He wasn't the greatest, though he was underrated
>>892957
He's my personal favorite, definitely the smartest in the past 50 years.
>>892965
Some argue he was the greatest of all time, however.
Since the Bible has been translated from Greek, do the Greeks have a more original/true bible than others?
>>892858
No. "the Bible" as a unified entity has never existed even in Greek. There existed a plethora of manuscript traditions in the Byzantine Empire with varying degrees of overlap with the tradition in the wild west.
>>892858
Yes, NT is written in Greek.
and Dave Ramsey is a fraud. Literally called indeux funds as marxism to appease his mutual fund advertisers.
If you take financial advice from him you deserve to get fucked. Equal to glenn beck listeners who bought from gold line.
>>892902
Yes but the language has surely changed since then.
Also this isn't about Dave Ramsey, look at the file name.
Saw this on Facebook. Is it true, /his/?
>>892787
>occult university library
You know better, anon.
>>892787
I can't say I know much about occult traditions, but almost all of the Jewish ones would have come from Egyptian, Canaanite or Mesopotamian earlier traditions.
So I'd have to say I'm skeptical of his point.
>>892787
Yes. Most of it comes from Kabbalah. That's because most pagan esoteric traditions were completely obliterated, or transformed by the Church.
Jews however, were somewhat tolerated, and allowed to practice Judaism even in Christian societies. Because Jews lacked the same kind of central authority of the Church and were allowed to exist, this let them have esoteric traditions not found elsewhere in the Western world.
Because of this, it was the only secret esoteric knowledge that was permissible to study as well, because Judaism was the root of Christianity.
What publications do you follow? I never got into reading papers, so I'm out of touch. Want to read sites that publish interesting articles, but news-focused publications will do too.
cumsluts weekly
Cracked.com
>>892693
National Geographic and The Economist.
How do you define what a "deity" or "god" is, *precisely*? What attributes does something HAVE to have to be considered a god? For example, must it have a mind? One answer I got was: "It just has to be worshiped by a human."
What do you think about that? I know that there's a common definition that says a "superhuman being", but what does that term mean? The sun technically is superhuman in the sense that it exhausts more energy than a human ever will, so it is beyond what humans could do. I'm also a bit fuzzy on the term "Supreme Being".
I've tried making this thread before, but I've only gotten like two replies with incomplete/unsatisfactory answers. Please, /his/, I'm wondering what you think. This is like a mental itch that needs scratching. If you're worried, this isn't a troll or bait or anything, and I'm legitimately curious. And I'll admit, it seems like a simple question, but I'm a lay person on this stuff.
>>892654
Some sort of supernatural agency.
Depends a bit from culture to culture and there's some degree of difficulty in translating some related concepts. Like western dragons and Chinese dragons - they are not very alike, but the closest concept the westerners had to it was "dragon" so they pinned that label on that Chinese mythological creature.
Multiple definitions for multiple uses. "Deity(1) is a definition useful from an anthropology perspective, where it is anything humans have historically worshipped and needn't imply any specific characteristics beyond that. "Deity(2)" is useful from say a theological perspective, where within a specific framework to be a deity the subject must meet arbitrary criteria a b c d and e, whereas in another theological framework it must meet arbitrary criteria f g h.
There doesn't need to be one definition thst encompasses every single possible usage context. The Sun was a superhuman being "deity" according to Aten, but not to you or I (probably.)
>>892654
It's just an abstract that has moral and spiritual authority, don't overthink it
Some of you are alright.
Don't visit Honno-ji tomorrow.
Who is Honno-ji? A chinese emperor?
>>892642
Its the shrine were Nobunaga was assassinated
>>892658
Interesting, so I don't go there if I want to live got it
What would have been the outcome of the second Peloponnesian War if the ill fated Sicilian expedition would have never happened and the Athenians wouldn't have lost the bulk of their navy, leading strategoi and countless hoplites, would they have won the war?
>>892592
The war would have definitely gone on longer. However, the whole Sicilian debacle showed just how much the people of Athens could be convinced to support insane strategies, so there's no guaranteeing that the Athenians wouldn't vote for another venture just as disastrous as the Sicilian one. (I have to admit, though, the Sicilian expedition came very close to succeeding a number of times during the campaign, and total disaster could have been averted as well)
>>892636
True, if the Athenians had followed Lamachus' strategy and attacked Syracuse early it could have been a different story or at least given Athens more of a chance with a foothold in Sicilicy, Alciabiades even had plans to use Sicily as a stepping stone to Carthage, now thats a conflict i would have loved to see!
>>892669
yeah, had Athens took Sicily it well could have won the war against Sparta and its empire would have been perpetuated. The balance of power would have shifted irreversibly as Athens now had a resource and strategic base vaster than Sparta or the Thebans had they joined. It also would have been interesting to see how it dealt with Carthage. Considering their similar political structures and economic might they might well become trading partners or allies. imo Carthage was not really that much of a warmongering nation.
What went wrong?
>>892584
The Koori in NSW didn't kill them all
The worst of the anglo untermensch race live there, it needs a nuke
>>892584
>hasn't had a recession for decades.
>constant economic growth
nothing
Are there any historical cases of sexual attraction to religious figures, e.g. Jesus Christ, Mohammed (after his death), Venus, or the Buddha?
>>892583
mohammed had like a dozen wives
dunno if any of them were actually sexually attracted to him it's hard to believe a 9 year old girl actually being sexually attracted to anyone let alone some old fart
>>892583
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pdtbKJfS_SY
>>892583
>Joseph Smith had a harem
What nations did war atrocities in world war 1 and how big were they?
Was it mainly a German thing to do it at big scale, like in Belgium, or did other nations join in at it?
>>892508
Turkey
>>892508
Every nations that fired a gun.
About my country, France, some soldiers started going on strike against war.
They were executed "for example" without a real trial.
>>892526
I still think there's a difference between executing people that are refusing their national duty (However stupid that duty may be) and executing some civilians because you fear some other guys may kill you.
Is eurasianism a legit movement or just a bunch of butthurt russians of mixed ancestry?
literally what
>>892409
It's a legit movement. Although it's rooted in butthurt. Since everyone kept calling them Mongols, they basically manned up and ran with it.
>>892409
The latter, it's a really annoying meme. Russians think it's a perfect way to legitimize their imperialism, since apparently being neither European nor Asian makes them their own "civilization" with "unique values", shielding them from criticism and accusations of backwardness.
>>892430
It's legit in sense that many Russians actually think like that but it's not feasible to implement it in real life.