Why did so many leave? Was Italy shit at the time?
Pretty much. I think they had some shitty ruler back then?
>>888597
Italian nationalism couldn't make up for a shit economy. Also, a very few Italians didn't believe in Italy.
>>888597
for the south; over population, lack of land, famine, poor opportunities, corrupt landowners and government
What hat is this from? I can see a Nazi swastika and it's from 1944, this person was a relative of mine, were they a member of Nazi Germany?
Another picture
No, I think he fought for the Soviets, man
>>888555
You sure? Looks American to me
Tell me about Pike warfare, /his/
What were the tactics like?
How was cavalry used?
How were pike formations like the Tercio countered?
Imagine a whole bunch of pikemen standing in a square, not really doing anything. Maybe marching forward a bit to scare the enemy pikemen, but rarely if ever actually engaging in a melee. Some musketmen stand in the middle of the square, shooting potshots at the enemy.
Meanwhile, the cavalry does all the actual fighting.
Once the enemy cavalry is gone and scattered, the enemy infantry get a few good charges from the heavy cavalry before their morale breaks and they scatter off.
This is where the light cavalry comes in and commits a minor massacre on the fleeing troops.
The end.
16th century warfare was surprisingly simple, actually.
>>888333
>What were the tactics like?
Lots of dudes standing in squares, the squares being in a chequered formation to overlap their fields of fire, with pikemen in the middle and musketeers around the outside/on the flanks, ready to hide inside the pikes if enemy cavalry show up. Cavalry running around, fighting eachother in melees and using caracole tactics (ride right up to the infantry, shoot their pistols and ride away to reload) to fuck with pikemen while musketeers hide. Sometimes straight up charging pikes if they're retarded.
>How was cavalry used?
To fight eachother or sometimes as caracoles, or, later on, as dragoons as well. But mostly to fight eachother.
>How were pike formations like the Tercio countered?
By deploying musketeers in long thin formations that maximised the wight of volleys while keeping them mobile by dividing the line into regiments that could maneuver on their own, sometimes with pikes to back them up, sometimes not. The Dutch and Swedes did this first.
>>888420
Wrong.
Could the Russian empire have survived if Nicky wasn't so incompetent, untrained and lazy?
Probably
Possibly, but why should it have?
The real question is should've it survive?
It has only taken a big civil war, half a decade of near-anarchy and several million dead, but the revolutions turned out pretty good at finally casting off all the medieval shit that was holding Russia back and helping the nation begin to realize its potential.
What caused the Kleinstaaterei in the Holy Roman Empire? Why did it take so long for a large states to consolidate all those tiny principalities?
>>888275
Constant clashes between the Emperor, Church, and local barons and princes over power and rights.
Typical Germanic disdain for the centralization of power
The fact that castles are a huge bitch to take.
>>888275
as far as I know it was their
>retarded succession laws
>electivity
>The Kaiser himself didnt want them to unite so they wouldnt create some big super state to rival his power
(Keep in mind most of the time Kaiser was the nigga that was leige of Österreich and Königreich Böhmen,
which gave him considerable power in the Empire and with this power came all the petty votes from all the electors)
Maps of the HRE + my autism make my penis erect
How were soldiers dealing with stress pre 20th century? I imagine bayonet charges or medieval melee was a nerve wracking clusterfuck.
>>887972
Booze and beating their wife, sometimes harder drugs. I heard that US Civil War led to an influx of morphine addicts because of that.
The stress we see today on soldiers is much greater than before. The industrialised and mechanised variation of warfare is unfamiliar to the human mind that we can't fully process it just yet. The scale of calamity and death is also much greater. Men die quicker now.
>>887972
Depends on the time period we're talking about.
A lot of older cultures were militaristic and the passage into manhood included mentally preparing for war.
>post-mortem psychiatric diagnoses
>>887825
This has got to be one of the most frustrating thing ever. Any time I see speculation about X person having Y issue I can feel an aneurysm lurking. It's much the same as the fascination with painting every major historical figure as homosexual.
>>887825
Historian's fallacy is the worst one.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian%27s_fallacy
Nah, man. Napoleon conquered Europe 'cause his daddy didn't love him and he was gay as shit.
Do we have a /his/ wiki yet?
I'll make one if we don't.
We don'
It'd be awesome if you did, anon
>>887686
All right, what should I call it?
>>887690
/his/ wiki
Why was he such a genius in so many different fields?
>>887435
I think geniuses tend to know more than most do about all sorts of topics, regardless of whether or not they specialize in something.
He was a jack of all trades, he was not great at anything, except painting.
Because he was a genius and the body of knowledge of the time wasn't as vast as today so it was easier to become multidisciplinarian.
Meanwhile, look at von neumann, a modern genius
Who are the five most influential people in history?
Augustus
Alexander
Attila
Genghis
Hitler
>>887374
The first five guys to reliaze that you can bury seeds to make plants appear
>>887447
>warmongers and political figures are THE MOST influential people in history
>not even bothering to include Jesus
How is the Labor Theory of Value wrong?
Furthermore, how is any theory of value even falsifiable? How do you tell where value does or does not come from?
>>887323
Because value is something people assign to something. You could pound on a rock with hammer for a year, and it would not be worth any more unless someone decided the rock now had some artistic value.
You turn a lump of gold into ring, but if the value of gold drops you'll be laboring at a loss
>>887323
>How is the Labor Theory of Value wrong?
It's completely unable to make predictions for one thing. For another, look at any given real estate market and note how location; which only tangentially is a labor cost, affects value.
>>887323
In a purely quantitative sense, the labor required to produce value is not reflected in the product itself.
Think of the proverbial goose who laid a golden egg. That goose produced something of value, but in terms of it's labor did next to nothing.
On a similar note, a well orchestrated business may produce an object with streamlined efficiency, and therefore require less labor than another, less well organized economic process. The more efficient laborer may actually use less labor than the less efficient one, and may even produce a better product (more value), thus demonstrating that the sum total of labor inputs doesn't quantify the value.
What books are /his/ currently reading? I"m currently working on "Lords of the Sea" by John Hale and "Thermopylae - The Battle for the West" by Ernle Bradford.
>>887251
The Histories by Herodotus (Trying out the Tom Holland translation) Good so far.
The Crimean War by Orlando Figes
>>887251
Paratrisika Vivarana.
Vendidad.
Selected papers from the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes,
Sarada Tilaka Tantram
Varivasya-Rahasya
So my girlfriend send me a picture of a helmet that her dad has and she says its a roman era one.
No one knows what faction/army it relates to so i need your help.
>>887068
It's obviously middle eastern with the sliding nasal bar, plume sockets, and the spiked top.
Though Eastern Europeans used it as wel.
This actually looks very eastern European or middle eastern. Any markings on it?
Op here
No i cant tell if theres markings cus im not there now but i can tell you that it was found in isreal so maybe it is middle eastern! Can you tell what army used it?, maybe the hasmonaim? (Dont know how to write it)
Is social democracy just a revisionist tradition within socialism or is it akin to something entirely separate, like liberalism is to socialism.
>>886888
Social democracy is just Progressivism 2.0.
>>886888
Revision just to appease people like George Orwell
Also, you almost got 888888
Social Democracy is the attempt of the bourgeoisie to sap the revolutionary energies of the proletariat through concessions that maintain the status quo.
Was world war 1 the most brutal war?
>>886879
Depends on your idea of 'brutal'. Elaboration?
>>886879
The most brutal wars are always civil wars. It's quite fascinating, really.
Though Japs having their way with China was pretty gory too.
>>886893
Not by casualties but just horrible conditions and cruelty