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Archived threads in /sci/ - Science & Math - 2120. page

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Hey, i was just wondering, time is define by mouvement. So, if there is no mouvement of atoms at the absolut 0 and not even the atoms can move, wouldn't that mean that time would stand still?
12 posts and 1 images submitted.
>>
>>7690942
yes
http://lesswrong.com/lw/qp/timeless_physics/
>>
>>7690942
>Hey, i was just wondering, time is define by mouvement.
Nope, it's often measured by movement, but your claim is like saying I don't have height if I don't have a ruler.
>>
>>7691197
not OP, but thanks for the site, it's pretty neat

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Daily reminder that the Higgs Boson would have been found in the 90s had Congress not cancelled the Superconducting Super Collider in 1993. It would have been 3 times as powerful as the LHC.
20 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>>7690908
>USA
>Accomplishing anything of value
>>
>>7690908
Taxes
>>
How would the discovery of the Higgs boson have accelerated scientific progress?

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Please help a retard. What does this guy mean when he says consciousness is an 'illusion'?
11 posts and 1 images submitted.
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He's a fucking dipshit. Consciousness plainly exists. Some people equate consciousness with something like a soul, so he's probably attacking that straw man
>>
>>7690905
Def A: Deterministic: unique solution to an initial value problem of a dynamical system
Def B: Universal Initial Value Problem: a system of differential equations and initial values that uniquely describes the universe
Def C: Free Will: some factor that allows for non-unique solutions to the universal initial value problem
Axiom A: the universe is deterministic
Lemma A: The universe is uniquely determined for all points in time: this follows from the definition of determinism
Def D: Consciousness is the state of possessing Free Will, i.e. Free Will exists in a system
Proof by Contradiction: Assume consciousness exists. Thus, Free Will implies that the Universal IVP may have multiple valid solutions. This contradicts Axiom A. Therefore, Consciousness does not exist. Ergo, it is an 'illusion' in the sense that some people believe it exists due to experience.
>>
>it's just neurons lmfao

Fantastic theory.

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Explain to me, in layman's terms if possible, why falsifiability is important and mandatory.
21 posts and 2 images submitted.
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Because if something isn't falsifiable it can't be tested scientifically. If under no circumstances can your hypothesis be proven wrong, then it makes no concrete predictions, and therefore isn't science.

Some examples of such pseudoscience is psychoanalysis. It tries to explain some behaviors as suppressed subconscious urges which are denied by the person. As there's no way to possibly design an experiment where the psychoanalytic approach would be proven wrong (as every result would be interpreted as either the manifestation of the urge or its denial), psychoanalytic approach is not science. It's pseudo-science.
>>
>>7690901
>why falsifiability is important and mandatory

It isn't. Stop reading popsci faggot
>>
>>7691050
Idiot social science retard detected

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What are some examples of notable scientists/mathematicians/other intellectuals who had a severe mental illness?
15 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7690889
They say both Godel and Cantor were crazy, though not officially diagnosed with anything both of them spent time in mental hospitals and you know Godel starved himself to death so that's gotta be some kind of insanity.
>>
>>7690889
John Nash
>>
>>7690897
This

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Which door would you pick /sci/?
14 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>>7690816
A. My justification even though you didn't ask for it? It's blue, the favorite color. No context was given, either. I wasn't told of a prize or an item to receive.

Best case scenario I gain riches, worst case scenario I get a free door or nothing at all. Or I guess there could be somebody with a gun behind there instructed to fire at me.

Anyways. WHATS BEHIND THE BLUE DOOR FAGGOT
>>
>>7690821
You opened the gates of hell. Game over.
>>
>>7690816

I'd punch the fucker in the face and open all three.

>/biz/ checking in

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Can someone provide a very intuitive explanation of the P vs NP problem?
11 posts and 2 images submitted.
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>>7690809

P = NP postulates that there are no non linear functions that require an exponential amount of iterations given the input that can't be reduced to non linear functions that only require a polynomial number of iterations for the same task.
>>
It's a meme.

Let n = 1
P(1) = P
NP=P
P=NP
>>
>implying modern science isn't stuck too far up it's own ass for intuition

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Why do people like cigarettes? I've never smoked, but they smell like ass and have nothing but bad side effects. Is there any sort of buzz?
36 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>>7690807
They actually make you smarter, not even joking.
>>
>>7690807

they are very calming.
>>
>>7690817
scientize that claim por favor

The only positive I've ever heard is weight loss and shorter life span

How accurate is this?
11 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>math is babby's first probability
>>
>>7690806
She looks like a giraffe when she takes a bit out of that burger. I think I'm in love.
>>
>>7690790
>engineer looks like he's about to suck some cocks
>mathematician has that smile when you're complete out of touch with reality(looks like he just smoked some weed)
>philosopher looks alpha as fuck

Pretty accurate.

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In the book "The Martian" there is a scene which amounts to the main character being trapped inside a box which he want to move relative to outside (a level surface). He achieves this by jumping in the air and kicking the box. He then refines this by just jumping and slamming his back into the wall. Would this work? It seems like trollscience and I'm not sure about the momentum situation?
11 posts and 2 images submitted.
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>>7690666
When was this? For some reason, I don't remember this scene, are you trying to bait /sci/ again?
>>
>>7690672
>In the book
>>
WITNESSED

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Not sure if this belongs on /his/ but...

how much mathematics by European and American mathematicians were discovered by Asian mathematicians a few years earlier? I know Bernoulli and Cramer were outpaced by Takazaku (you could even argue that he discovered the Newton-Raphson method before Newton and Raphson did), but was there anyone else?
13 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7690660

Doesn't matter. They didn't have Christian values and squandered their discoveries by keeping it to themselves.
>>
>>7690700
They're still the earliest discoverers
>>
>>7690700
>Christian values

lel, b8, but it it's true if you replace "Christian" with "Enlightenment"

THIS IS NOT a homework question, just something I would like for you guys to help me solve for fun and pic not related, I needed a pic.

Hey /sci/, I have a question that should be easy enough for you guys to solve. I know Its against the rules but I really need this question solved.

The question:

Holly Woods is a popular actress and Joe Fish is an up and coming young comedian. Joe has an income which is five-eights of holly's income. Joe's expenses are one-half of those of Holly's income, and Joe's saves 40% of his income

Determine the percentage of her income that Holly Woods Saves.

I suck at math and saw this question in my sisters notebook and tried to solve it but couldn't, and I've been trying to solve this for hours yesterday. So please help me out /sci/, also please show your entire process.
12 posts and 1 images submitted.
>>
Nice homework blog
>>
>>7690639
Anon, it really isn't my homework. This problem came out of my 9th grade sisters notebook and I'm
frustrated that I cant even solve it, pls help.
>>
>>7690635
that pic though,
way to complicate the simplest multiplication ever.

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how do you guys make math interesting or actually like, I'm currently struggling with it because unlike other subjects I only learn because I have to, in other subjects sometimes I even learn topics ahead of time or some that I don't have to learn just out of interest or curiosity. help me /sci/
16 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>>7690585
do you even get it, pleb ?
>>
>>7690585
>how do you guys make math interesting

I don't know, sometimes i just view as a game.
>>
>>7690585
Mild autism.

No really. The pleasure of math is somewhere between a really complicated puzzle where all the pieces click into place once you solved it, or like an OCD person who will only feel comfort once he clicks the right and left sides of his mouth with his tongue just the right number of times.

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A commercial flight travels 545-575 miles per hour and the average altitude according to regulation must be around 40,000 feet or around 8 miles. The earths curvature of 500 miles is 31.70 miles.

What is the rate of maintaining a level of the average altitude of aircraft?

OR what is the rate of decent in minutes to maintain the altitude 40,000 feet if the aircraft is traveling at 575 mph and the curvature over a distance of 500 miles is 31.70 miles?
12 posts and 2 images submitted.
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>>7690475
Homework goes on >>>/hm/

Also,
>decent
> not descent
>>
>>7690475
*descent
>>
>>7690478
its not homework.

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hey /sci/ i had a little project where i have to teach people basic cryptanalysis, figured i'd share here:

--
Howdy! In this thread, we'll be learning to crack some very basic 17th-century level ciphers. The point is not that these ciphers will help you in your day-to-day, but that they'll give you a more technical understanding of what's happening beneath the hood when you're cracking wifi passwords or using PGP.

Obviously you’re all familiar with rotation ciphers, also called ‘caesar ciphers’ after the inventor. You simply turn every letter into its number (a = 1, z = 26), add a fixed number (called the ‘rotation value’), subtract 26 from any numbers larger than it, and then turn each number back into a letter.

For instance, if we use a rotation value of 1, the message:
bob is gay
turns into
cpc jt hbz

Now, let’s say you have a message which you know was encrypted using a rotation cipher, but you don’t know the rotation value. It’s easy enough to just try all 25 values (rot26 = rot0), but you don’t learn anything that way, so I’ll describe frequency counts, the best way to attack a rotation cipher.

Let’s say we have the encrypted message:

kvsmodylylsxfocdpyebrexnbonwsvvsyxsxdyybkxqotesmopedeboc

The first thing we do is called a ‘frequency count’. We count the frequency of each letter.

6 - yso
5 - xe
4 - db
3 - v
2 - cklmnp
1 - fqrtw

Now, E is the most common letter in the english language by far. so we might begin by assuming ‘y’, ‘s’, or ‘o’ = e, but we still have to perform three substitutions to check, so an easier way would be to look for double letters. We see a couple: ‘V V’ and ‘Y Y’. The most common double letters in english is LL, followed by EE. Lets see what we get if we substitute ‘LL’ for ‘VV’ (rotation value of 10):

alicetobobinvestfourhundredmillionintoorangejuicefutures
with spaces:
alice to bob invest four hundred million into orange juice futures
24 posts and 2 images submitted.
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we decoded it on the very first try! let’s try a harder one.

encrypted message:
tgtlgsdauwewkksywjwuawnwvoaddfglsuloalzgmlafxgjeslagfozqgjsfywbmauw

frequency count:
8 - w
7 - ag
6 - l
5 - s
4 - fu
etc

Our first guess should be to substitute ‘w’ with ‘e’ (rot8), since it’s the highest count.

bobtoalicemessagerecievedwillnotactwithoutinformationwhyorangejuice
with spaces:
bob to alice message recieved will not act without information why orange juice

So, how would you go about making it more difficult to find patterns in the frequency count? The next step up from a rotation cipher is a ‘polyalphabetic cipher’. Here’s how it works.

First, you come up with a codeword, known by both alice and bob. Let’s say the codeword is “boner”.

Converted to number values, this word is:
"2 15 14 5 18"

Now, we take the message we want to encrypt. Let’s say:
"bobtoaliceacknowledgedwillinvest"
>>
You convert it to numbers:
"2 15 2 20 15 1 12 9 3 5 1 3 11 14 15 23 12 5 4 7 5 4 23 9 12 12 9 14 22 5 19 20"

Now, you go through the codeword, which is called the “key”, and repeatedly add the values of the codeword to the value of the letter, like so:

"b+b o+o b+n t+e o+r a+b l+o i+n c+e e+r a+b c+o k+n n+e o+r w+b l+o e+n d+e g+r e+b d+o w+n i+e l+r l+b i+o n+n v+e e+r s+b t+o"

"2+2 15+15 2+14 20+5 15+18 1+2 12+15 9+14 3+5 5+18 1+2 3+15 11+14 14+5 15+18 23+2 12+15 5+14 4+5 7+18 5+2 4+15 23+14 9+5 12+18 12+2 9+15 14+14 22+5 5+18 19+2 20+15"

"4 30 16 25 33 3 27 23 8 23 3 18 25 29 33 25 27 19 9 25 7 19 37 14 30 14 24 28 27 23 21 35"

subtract 26 from all numbers >26:
"4 4 16 25 7 3 1 23 8 23 3 18 25 3 7 25 1 19 9 25 7 19 11 14 4 14 24 2 1 23 21 9"

turn into letters:

"d d p y g c a w h w c r y c g y a s i y g s k n d n x b a w u i"

so the encrypted message is:
ddpygcawhwcrycgyasiygskndnxbawui
>>
This is quite unusual; the variances in frequency are flattened out. This would tell us, after testing ‘y = e’, that we probably aren’t dealing with a rotation cipher.

The reason this cipher is called ‘polyalphabetic’ is because it uses n alphabets, where n is the number of characters in the ‘codeword’ or ‘key’. In the case of the previous post, there were five alphabets: one used for characters encoded with ‘b’, one for ‘o’, one for ‘n’, one for ‘e’, and one for ‘r’.

How do we use this to attack the cipher? Well, if we suspect we’re dealing with a polyalphabetic cipher, the first thing we do is try to guess at the number of characters in the key. Let’s say we assume there are four. We would divide up the message into characters encrypted by the first character in the key, encrypted by the second character in the key, the third, and the fourth.

the first character (d) in the message was encrypted by the first character in the key. The second (d) by the second, the third (p) by the third, the fourth (y) by the fourth, but the *fifth* character in the message was encrypted by the *first* character in the key (if we’re right about the length.key=4)

So let’s divide the message up into four parts. Every fourth character starting with the first character goes in one pile, every fourth character starting with the second character goes into another pile, etc.

ddpygcawhwcrycgyasiygskndnxbawui
d1 d2 p3 y4 g1 c2 a3 w4 h1 w2 c3 r4 y1 c2 g3 y4 a1 s2 k3 n4 d1 n2 x3 b4 a1 w2 u3 i4
characters encrypted with first key character: dghyagda
characters encrypted with second key character: dcwcssnw
characters encrypted with third key character: pacgikxu
characters encrypt with fourth key character: ywryynbi

Now we have four individual ‘messages’, each of which is encoded using its own rotation cipher.

We do frequency counts on each of the individual alphabets:

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