Chem General

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>>9062018
Acid-Base TITrations haha

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>>9061996
>>>9059066
I almost finish my homework senpai (finally, after many days)

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Can jet fuel in fact melt steel beams?

>>9062025
im guessing this is something ill see during inorganic chemistry

What would you guys say are the essentials to know before starting a MSc in Chem? Coming from bio, I have general and organic down, going to take physical and biochem this semester before hopefully getting in during the spring. Should I take analytical as well? The department said it'd be fine to take as a grad student, but I feel like it could be useful to go ahead and take. Thoughts?

>>9062273
im biochem, take a quantitative analysis class if you can, I did and it really really helped my experimentation, professors often remark how fucking careful, precise, and just overall "error-reducing" my experimentation is, it was a great class for me.

Say I have no experience in chemistry and want to learn it. What textbooks could I use (that aren't obviously university edition, 20th edition, gigantic tome of uselessness) to learn up to maybe third year chemistry

>>9062273
>Should I take analytical as well?
at least in my uni, this is compulsory, and before pchem we had to take maths

besides analytical, try inorganic, and spectroscopy

i also came from bio (mol bio to be exact), so im gonna have to either take an extra year for some courses, colloids and stuff, or take basic colloidal chem during the masters (necessary for a pchem msc)

>>9062273
Why do you want a MSc in Chemistry? In the US at least, getting a masters in chemistry is almost looked down upon since it's mainly a degree awarded to people who dropped out of the PhD program.

Also, if you're not getting a PhD then analytical probably isn't nearly as important. Definitely take inorganic though.

>>9062420
Weird here in Germany you don't do a PhD without a MSc

>>9062726
in europe, most of it at least, you cant do a phd without a msc

its an american thing going straight from a bsc to the phd. not to mention their bsc are 4 yrs compared to the 3 of europe

>>9062745
Oh ok, didn't konw that.

So now in general, what do we want to discuss in our glorious chem general? Funny/weird lab stories? Most dangerous situations we were in regarding chemistry? Home labs?

I'll start with one of our scientific associates:
>working on doctorate
>disregarding safety protocols and working alone at night
>has an ether as solvent
>doesn't test solvent for peroxides
>uses rotary evaporator to evaporate said solvent
>fidgets around with it, while under vacuum
>BOOM
>three fingers blown off
>doesn't hit fire alarm or anything, instead goes to stair well and screams for help
>loss of blood leeds to unconsciousness
>falls over railing 3m to the ground
>gets found by chance 2 hours later, barely survives
>now stalks the building in a constant bad mood looking for the slightest infraction, to be able to scream at people, everbody starting to study chem gets warned about the crazy guy missing 3 fingers

>>9062926
sounds like a fucking retarded version of Dr Doom

>>9062926
holy shit.
>fidgets around with it, while under vacuum
fucking DUMBASS

>>9062926
Haha fucking topkek

>>9062025
Good job mate

>>9062291
Sounds good man, if I can get into one before the semester starts, I definitely will, they're all full right now. Seeing the titration meme pic earlier in the thread reminded me that I'm not the most precise/I'm somewhat error-prone in lab, so I think it'd definitely help before getting into graduate research.

>>9062365
I have the math down for p chem (well, I took the required courses a few years back and I got a copy of Mortimer's 'Math for PChem' and am working through it now, so I think I should be alright). Spectroscopy requires this analytical class as a prereq, so need to go ahead and take it anyway, and for inorganic, they want you to have p chem I and II, so will take as a grad. The prof I know here (it's a state school) is a purely undergrad organic one, and both he and the grad coordinator said that I'd really only need biochem and physical I to be on a level playing field with most entering MSc students.

>>9062420
Was a pre-med/bio student in undergrad, realized I don't really want to do that right now, need a few years before I go to med school. I don't have the resume/any research experience/anything really to make me a PhD candidate and I don't know if I want to put myself through that right now, so I figure this MSc is a good way to explore and learn a little more (plus tuition is subsidized if you teach during it) and after it I can decide on med school or a PhD or even MD/PhD.

Overall, I know I like organic, but from reading other posts on /sci/ I've heard mixed things about it, although obviously that goes with a grain of salt, but I'm just trying to get some more exposure into chem and go from there. Thanks for the pointers so far guys.

>>9062726
>>9062745
I went to high-school in New Zealand and it was the same there, and basically everywhere that's not the US and maybe Canada.

I'm still curious why you would want to get a MS though without intending to stay on and get a PhD. Is there any benefit at all to just getting the masters?

>>9063208
My bad, just saw >>9063177

If you are potentially interested in the PhD definitely do analytical since that's what most of what being a graduate student in a lab is actually like. I assume you took organic lab too?

>>9063216
Yeah, it's been so long (3 years) and I didn't do so well the first time (my overall organic knowledge was shaky then, was a typical premed wrt organic, then I retook the lecture with this prof over the next summer rather than at my home institution and now organic makes sense and I want to pursue it more) that I figure if I'm going into organic that I might as well retake the lab for Organic II, esp since that's where you get more into synthesis and they offer a concentrated half-semester version here, so will knock it out in the first half of the semester. Will hopefully get solid reccs from these profs and get into the MSc no problem.

>>9063177
>Was a pre-med/bio student in undergrad, realized I don't really want to do that right now, need a few years before I go to med school. I don't have the resume/any research experience/anything really to make me a PhD candidate and I don't know if I want to put myself through that right now, so I figure this MSc is a good way to explore and learn a little more (plus tuition is subsidized if you teach during it) and after it I can decide on med school or a PhD or even MD/PhD.
i didnt either, i went straight from undergrad to PhD with 0 outside research, only 1 semesters worth of undergrad research, and it was a joke honestly, especially with the facilities/instruments we have. but i put it on my CV

>>9063311
Dang man, congrats, that's awesome. I don't doubt it's possible, but I really just don't want to throw myself completely into the deep end/really commit myself to it without knowing it's something I want. Like I looked at some nicer PhD programs in the area and some let you skip some coursework if you come in with a certain number of graduate credits beforehand, so it's not like the MSc time would be wasted anyway.

>>9063317
oh ok, just didnt want you to think it wasnt possible, my transcript was garbage too (3 transcripts had to be sent).
> I really just don't want to throw myself completely into the deep end/really commit myself to it without knowing it's something I want.
really smart. im looking at being a slave for 5 years, but i wholeheartedly welcome it, this is infinitely better than where i was when i dropped out of undergrad. But yea, definitely be interested before committing. The masters certainly wont be a waste of time but it may expose you to more industry routes, which are great if you care about earning power, but tons of my friends regret so hard either stopping at masters or mastering out of their PhD programs.

>>9063350
Awesome man, thanks :) Yeah, earning power is definitely a consideration, which is a part of why I'm still considering med school after this, but, like, undergrad was so uninspired for me that this new route is something I want to ride as far as I can. So have you started yet, or are you about to start the program?

>>9063372
Starting in 3 weeks, i graduated this may. I wouldnt even consider this at all unless i was actually interested in the subject. I actually was pre-med before and have no doubt i COULD do it, but was exposed to the environment and it was not for me, im too introverted and hate people too much. Plus money is not really an issue for me, i graduated with no debt, have no desire for a family until im done with PhD, and refused to go into debt for education (although, having graduated now, my opinion on that has changed).

>>9063396
Sounds fairly similar to me. Graduated last May, spent some time around one of those postbacc programs where the students take some classes with first year med students and can get a guaranteed interview and all that. I realized after that time that I'm not at a stage where I just want to be memorizing things. So figured I should find something where I can do some research and be a little more open-ended and learning for the sake of learning/to further my interests, rather than memorizing just to pass an exam every week. Anyway, do you know what you want to do it in/how much chem did you have in undergrad?

>>9063414
> I realized after that time that I'm not at a stage where I just want to be memorizing things
oh god, this too. Like i can memorize stuff that matters to me, like the TCA cycle or protein cascade pathways, but medical memorization just feels absolutely arbitrary, and i would 100% want to take latin before even trying, i have no reference without it!
> Anyway, do you know what you want to do it in/how much chem did you have in undergrad?
no i really dont, the program is extremely open ended, especially for BC, from pure chem to pure bio and even biostats. The lab im currently most interested in is working with auto-immune contraception and a specific viral biosensor, but really im very open. I love chemistry, more than bio, but need to apply it to living things to derive personal satisfaction from it.
classes: chem 1 and 2, organic 1 and 2, quantitative analysis, biochemistry and 2. All A's except for quant, B because the labs were graded off accuracy/precision, and i er... compromised an experiment. But im very lacking in chemistry, no p chem, inorganic, advanced organic (which i really wanted to take)

>>9062018
what the fuck is that stand & clamp? That's some poo tier shit

>>9063433
> i would 100% want to take latin before even trying, i have no reference without it!
the main class the postbacc was centered around was gross anatomy. I pretty much double majored in Latin in undergrad (had taken in high school and really enjoyed it), it honestly didn't help that much. Maybe Latin just comes easy to me, but I felt that knowing it really didn't help with memorizing any structures at all, especially since it just seems to be a few key words you need to memorize as opposed to the ones that are pretty recognizable in English (e.g. 'brevis' is short vs. 'longus' is long)

>no i really dont, the program is extremely open ended, especially for BC, from pure chem to pure bio and even biostats. The lab im currently most interested in is working with auto-immune contraception and a specific viral biosensor, but really im very open. I love chemistry, more than bio, but need to apply it to living things to derive personal satisfaction from it.
That's good that you have so many options with it. That's what I noticed about all the class options with this program, is that I'm really excited to take most of them which is a welcome change when I think back to slogging through something like evolutionary bio.

>But im very lacking in chemistry, no p chem, inorganic, advanced organic (which i really wanted to take)
P chem is the one I'm worried about right now, have about a month to go until it starts. I've just been trying to find the right book to work through in terms of math, I'm between 'Maths for P Chem' by Mortimer and I literally just found Steiner's 'The Chem Maths Book' and it seems more in depth. Our class is going to be using Engel/Reid as our actual book and it's supposed to be a lousy book, so looking at McQuarrie now and it's pretty dense, but it's supposed to be the best. Also enrolled in Coursera's 'P Chem I' offered by U of Manchester just to have another option. I know people say to just stick to one source, but I know I need a lot.

>>9063622
yea P chem is pretty notorious, i sat in a couple of their classes since i was good friends with all the chem majors/professors and it went completely over my head. But knowing the people in the class, it's definitely approachable, like they werent geniuses or prodigies by any means, i just walked into the middle of a concept already established. That's really good your doing your own research, that's a good sign that you're in the right field and stuff, just being excited to learn. Man i wish my program started tomorrow, im so sick of waiting, this whole summer ive done nothing but random amateur experiments, read books and the odd article here and there, and play video games (which dont really interest me anymore sigh).

>>9063660
Just found this as well, if you're just looking for some ppts to flip through http://butane.chem.illinois.edu/sohirata/
Is there anything going on at your campus right now? Any classes or anything that you could just go so you're already around it? That's the other main thing I'm trying to figure out for this semester is research, since I've never really done it. I'd like to ideally start in the lab that I do my masters in, just to get an unofficial head-start on thesis stuff, but I guess, due to my relative inexperience with chem, not 100% sure what I want to go and tackle.

>>9061996
>No Chem General
Chem? You mean the quantum mechanics of molecules?

>>9063673
thanks for the link, ill probably just glance through it though, my last year was only biochemistry and a ton of specific biologies so it may just go over my head. Unfortunately im not at my campus yet, my housing begins in the middle of august, so i have no where to go if i drove up there. but also i want to spend as much time here as possible with friends and family, i know i would regret going up earlier. Don't worry too much about research, except maybe KEEP A GOOD NOTEBOOK! never forget, write everything down, date everything, mention every little detail, it will help. also keep everything, this has saved my ass in a cancer research project when i kept cell pellets and forgot to add SDS to a lysis buffer....

asking for a friend

chemical engineer here working on a report for my internship. Part of the task was to conduct a literature review to best ascertain potential zinc precipitates that would result from dissolution in 4400 ppm boric acid solutions at about 250F with subsequent cooling to 80F. Also of concern are potential precipitates that could result from interactions with buffering agents (chiefly NaOH, and sodium tetraborate) that would change the solution pH from 4.1 (boric acid solution) to a ph of 8 or 12.

Any ideas on where to start?

>>9063747
Gotcha man. Hope you enjoy your time at home before you get started there. Honestly, the biggest thing I'm trying to figure out is just which lab to go into. The department has a booklet that lists each research prof and what they do, the undergrad director who's helping to guide me told me to read a bit of each of their work and try and figure out what interests me and that was like two weeks ago and I've read through some of it and not really seeing anything that I wouldn't want to do, so just chalking that up to my overall inexperience and trying to figure out a time to meet with him again (been putting it off because I feel like I should've narrowed it down some) to move forward in contacting them, since my story and chem experience is a bit convoluted, so I want his help on how to best word my emails to them to maximize my chances of getting into a lab.

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>>9061996
Is this correct?

thermodynamically favorable reactions (pH=0):
O2 has the capability of forcing Cu to become Cu2+
O2 has the potential to oxidise Cu to Cu2+
Cu can reduce O2 to H2O
Cu2+ has the capability of forcing H2 to become H2O
Cu2+ has the potential to oxidise H2 to H2O
H2 can reduce Cu2+ to Cu

electrodes and batteries (pH=0):
An electrolytic precipitation of copper can be carried out, applying a potential lower than the equilibrium of the Cu2 + / Cu (<0.33) line. The cupric oxide can be reduced in the form of Cu2+ + 2e = Cu (cathode)

>>9062022
HOMO- LUMO heh

>>9063751
bump im just a dumb engineer please someone point me in the correct direction

>>9063751
start with putting that in proper units

>>9063751
>dissolution
Dissolution of what and of how much?
>250F
In non-engineer units?

>>9063208
>Is there any benefit at all to just getting the masters?

i guess in a general sense, if you were to pursue a career in analytical chemistry, a bsc+msc would suffice?

first job interview tomorrow. how do dress for a lab job as bachelor? jeans/shirt/jacket?

for anons in the industry, what are some applications you see with electrochem? Thinking of taking a course on electrochemical methods but wondering if I'll ever see it or not

>>9064992
open toed shoes, a kilt, prescription contact lenses, and a wife-beater.
sorry couldnt help myself, yea, just be presentable, i would change jeans to a nice pair of slacks, maybe a button down shirt, no jacket, no tie.

>>9064670
dissolution of metallic zinc, specifically from the surface of galvanized steel

the westinghouse document is written using fahrenheit so I will follow suit

>>9064992
FULL TUX, TOP hAT

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>go to one of the top unis for chem in my country
>maths is piss easy
>self teaching set theory and complex analysis over the summer to have even a tiny chance to join the physics quantum group for master's research project
>feelsbadman.png

>>9064992
Went pretty shitty i guess. if anyone cares. their lab was complete chaos. theyll let me know in a month lol. at least i stole a pen.

>>9066984
Well sorry about that, but I guess that happens, when you go in open toed shoes, a kilt, prescription contact lenses, and a wife-beater.

>>9066987
I went with the Tux/top hat setup.

>>9067165
But I bet you forgot the monocle...

>>9067165
their loss

>>9062985
>rotary evaporator
>under vacuum

why would a vacuum explode?

>>9062926
>>BOOM
>>three fingers blown off

I'm now imagining a spinning flask and him getting the clamp caught on a mount or something shattering the flask and having rotating glass knives spin through his fingers.

Pls explain this exploding vacuum

>>9063177
>you to have p chem I and II, so will take as a grad.
i had to take pchem as a junior ?

>>9067478
different schools/reqs, I guess. I'm coming in as a non-chem major from another school, so they just want me to cover as much as I can before entering the masters program. Will be taking p chem I as a postbacc this semester and then will go from there.

>>9067473
>Pls explain this exploding vacuum
He had an ether (probably dioxane, not sure what exactly) as a solvent. This solvent was old and contained organo-peroxides (which form in ethers when not stored properly, so always check!!!). He attached his solution to the rot.evap.(dunno how english speakers abreviate it, I mostly only know German terms) and it evaporated the "normal" ether. This led to a build up of the higher boiling organo-peroxides, which concentrated in the original solution flask. When he tampered with the original flask, with the high organo-peroxides in it, the shock sensitive organo-peroxides exploded(thats kinda that they do), regardless of the vacuum, the shock wave and shrapnell lit. blew his fingers off, no spinning involved.

I hope that was detailed enough, and you understand know.

>>9067473
Oh I just realized:
>why would a vacuum explode?
Vacuum implosions can be pretty dangerous as well, but I doubt, that you spent much time in a lab, otherwise you would know.

>>9063719
>predicting organic reactions with QM
I hope you enjoy your Nobel prize, anon.

>>9065547
Not quite in industry but from talking to electrochem phds it's basically all about making batteries. Can be lucrative but not particularly exciting.

what's the most wizardly shit you've done at the lab

>>9068722
an absolutely perfect titration, calculated perfectly.

>>9068725
sweet heavens

anybody given simulation theory any thought?

Need help
Im finishing my chemistry course at the uni but I have no idea of what area or specific topic i should research... i guess i need some motivation

>>9069622
lipid self assembly

>>9061996
my dad says chemicals give your dick the chicken pox. I dont want it to itch when i rub it but i want chemicals. Wat do?

>>9069622
what did you enjoy studying?

Can we talk about home labs? Bit difficult for me in Texas due to regulations on fucking Erlenmeyer flasks, but either way, I'm thinking of setting up a home lab. Tips?

>>9070647
er... what regulations... are you talking about anon....? should i be worried? also what are you hoping to do, just random synthesis?

>>9070671
If you hold for a moment I can find the penal code. They must be registered and your house searched with a 21 day waiting period. You must register with the Department of Public Safety to buy, sell, or transfer various "drug paraphernalia" which, funnily enough, includes the Erlenmeyer flask. And yes, random synthesis would just about sum it.

>>9070671
Found it. https://www.dps.texas.gov/RSD/Precursor/Laws/ Damn war on science.

>>9070680
>>9070681
holy fucking shit anon. What the fuck. what the fuck. what the fuck. I TA'd for 2 years in undergrad and built a nice collection of shit a professor let me take home (old shit). she must not have known either... but i have at least half the shit on that apparatus list, and a couple of the precursors. What do i do now, try and register them or just dispose...

>>9070691
Hide that shit. And by hide, I mean whatever you may have left save for flasks (no one's actually gonna fuck you over an Erlenmeyer) and bury that shit in as secure and leak-free as possible bag. I know we typically don't encourage illegal shit, but you will more than likely be fucked if you're anything than an exactly average white 20-30 y/o guy. Make sure that shit can't be found. Bury then in different spots, and if there's a creek nearby, I feel bad for saying this but, dump that shit. Wear black/camo, keep your head down. I'm not talking about a public one, I'm talking seceded in the woods where the meth heads go to smoke. Just my suggestion, seeing as anything else would land you a drug charge.

>>9070691
And super don't dispose of them properly. They typically register that too, and if anyone important finds out, drug charge. Try and do as little environmental damage as possible, and if you have to, do it as stealthily as possible.

>>9070697
man god damn it. I almost wish i didnt read what you fucking wrote but obviously yes i needed to. I am a 20-30 year old caucasian, and in industry, but yea, still, i think i should just dump em, most of it is really old/stained anyways. my distillation tube though... :(

>>9070712
Do you look like a meth head? How is your health? And if you work in the industry it may be easier to perhaps dispose at work.

>>9070718
Oh god no, i may appear slightly out of place sometimes because of attire but no, im always very presentable. Health is good, no issues at all, no medications, nothing.
Im not worried about disposal really. I figure if i put all in a random dumpster after smashing it on my property, how would it ever be traced back to me, assuming there are no cameras? I did that with my old highschool bongs back in the day lol

>>9070725
Perhaps it wouldn't be. I was suggesting extremes

>>9070647
Go on Science Madness forum, it's got heaps of info. I'm just starting to learn me some chemistry at the moment.

Some things I've learnt so far:
>keep a detailed journal in case you get raided by da po-po
>if you order glassware from China, you could get a visit from da po-po
>anything involved in the production of meth will get you a visit from da po-po
>"""real""" chemists are a bunch of snobs who advocate ratting people out to da po-po
>you're a meth cook unless proven innocent

>>9062926
Nobody tests Et2O or THF for peroxides when using it as solvent all the time. We've had a THF explosion once but it was distilled instead of the BHT stabilised one straight from the can.

>>9068722
Two days ago I had 14 grams of dirty brown foamy crap which was about 80% pure new medicinedrug. I wanted to purify it by prep reversed phase chromatography so I dissolved it in ACN (went surprizingly well, like a gram per mL). Then I ultrasonicated it to dissolve final bits and all of my shit came crashing out as nice perfectly white powder with 97% purity. Another recrystallisation from acetonitrile/water and it was 99.6%. Saved me a lot of columns and time, it's great.

>>9071065
I'm not exactly sure which solvent it was, I think dioxane (and I've always tested that before use)

I use diphenylacetic acid to titrate my n-BuLi. At the equivalence point it becomes a persistent yellow after all the acid is deprotonated. Anyone knows what happens after that to make it yellow? Is the middle carbon (with the two phenyls) the one that gets deprotonated? And would it resonate across the rings and the carboxylic acid a lot or would just that anion be the major form?

>>9071099
No, the COOH group is deprotonated. Yellow is probably the colour of lithium diphenylacetate in solution.

>>9071205

You are wrong and >>9071099 is right, the way that the titration works is that one equivalent of organolithium is consumed by deprotonating the carboxylate, and after that the benzylic proton gets removed, generating a delocalised dianion with the yellow colour.

>>9071205
Of course it gets deprotonated, but the yellow colour only happens after 1 equivalent, before that it's colourless, so there must be a second deprotonation happening. If you add a lot it gets dark as hell.
I'll make a video demonstrating it soon.

>>9071218
Yes I suspected this, but my question is if it's really delocalized and resonates all over the rings and maybe the COO- or if the benzylic anion itself is the dominant species.

>>9071224

>if the benzylic anion itself is the dominant species

That proton is less acidic than the carboxylate proton.

As for whether it's delocalised, why wouldn't it be? The colour is evidence of the fact that the electronic system is delocalised because it's absorbing light at longer wavelengths i.e. in the visible spectrum.

>>9071234
Cool thanks, I tought so but wanted to make sure.

What do chemists do that physicist can't?

inb4getjobs

>>9064199
kek, lumo means enchantment in finnish
gay-enchantment :DDDD

>>9071535
Basically anything to do with chemistry ie the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. You could argue intermolecular shizzle in liquids can be analyzed as liquid physics so thats okay but physicists just dont have knowledge or the understanding chemists do necessary for understanding how molecules could and should work.

What can I research in Grad school that will translate to working in industry? Polymers? Organometallics? Catalysis?

>>9071890
check and see what the job sites say

>>9071535
get jobs

>>9071890
check pubs.acs.org and see what kind of papers are being published

>>9071535
get wimminz

>>9068301
>he's never read ian fleming
SAD!

>>9062025
battery?

anyone have any experience with photochemistry? Looking into working with a prof doing it for a research course

>>9063622
My class this fall uses Atkin's textbook and from what i've skimmed it seems p good; definitely needs to be supplemented by a chem maths book but good nonetheless for understanding theories and concepts

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>>9074581
>definitely needs to be supplemented by a chem maths book
You're never going to make it brah

>>9074581
Kk thanks man, will take a look

What is life like as a bench chemist in industry?

>>9074581
>Atkin's textbook
it's a horrible fucking book

>>9076095
I threw up a little

>>9075863
The PhD chemist working at my summer internship last year constantly looked like he wanted to off himself. I felt bad

>>9076095
Top tier filename

>>9076137
what was the internship in/what work did he have to do?

>>9076358
Peptide synthesis, I think he was working on efficient synthesis or something. The guy was probably an autist so I never said a word to him beyond saying "Hi I'm anon nice to meet you" when I was being oriented

So if my uni's Chem 1 course was all the normal intro BS like nomenclature, unidirectional reactions, redox/neutralization/etc reactions, what does Chem 2 cover?

The enrollment roster just says it's a "continuation of Chem 1" but I've heard it's more STEM-y. More math. Some equilibrium reactions, etc. Does that sound right?

Also, what are some good books for basic uni chem aside from the textbook?

>>9077196
kinetics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, orbitals

book: charles e mortimer, chemistry

>>9075953
this desu

>>9061996
So i will be working on glycol donors in the near future. Anyone have any good reads or papers?

>inb4 do your own homework
Just looking for additional sources

>>9077645
http://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?AllField=glycol+donor

find a paper, if it's behind a paywall go to scihub and voilá

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>>9077530
>kinetics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, orbitals

That sounds much better than chem 1.
My favorite parts of chem 1 were the quantum and wave stuff. Gimme atomic physics over titration analysis any day.

I'll pick that book up. Thank you.

so how much does the chem gre factor into grad admissions?

>>9078676
most topic exams are not required for graduate programs, but do look extremely good if you have a good score. If a program requires subject tests, that means it's probably a highly sought after program.

to answer your question, not too much, but it helps if you have time to do it.

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>>9078077
>Gimme atomic physics over titration analysis any day.
reeee
go study theoretical physics

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>>9078695
I'm tryin!
The uni I'm moving to just makes all of its STEM majors take a combined Chem 1 + Chem 2 course with 200+ other students to weed people out, and I want to skip that shit, but to do that I have to take Chem 2 before transferring.

Chem ain't my thang.
Which is why I'm asking if there are any good books on the topic for undergrads.

>>9078730
I used Zumdahl, I liked it. Skim through the reccs on the wiki, don't remember them off-hand.

>>9078686
Solid, that's what I was thinking, cheers

>>9078695
>>9078730
omg cute cations u guyz :3 :^)

Anyone have some resources to learn Chem I in a day?
Have a final exam coming up, somehow got through class so far with a 92% but I don't actually know how to do anything...

>>9079562
don't bother reading, just do problems

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>>9078695
>>9078730
>>9079497
>>9079497
cations are positive because cats are cute and make you feel positive and cat is in cation

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>>9079879
Anions are negative because anion sounds like onion, and onions make you cry.

>>9080003
but anon look at that cute little onion... let's just say anions are negative because you can set 'an' to stand for 'a negative' and then it be anion 'a negative ion'

I'm trying to find a liquid propellant that is relatively stable (not contact volatile) until some intentional ignition, has a somewhat low freezing point (preferably below 0C), and isn't ridiculously expensive for a company that can ignore inflated prices for individual consumers.

After looking for a while at methanol/nitromethane mixtures I realized that it might be better to use two different chemicals that burn when mixed. If both were stable individually and neither froze at a high temperature, this would automatically allow for a more convenient ignition method.

What are the best chemicals for this purpose? How would I go about researching which chemical pairs could help with this?

>>9080796
>What are the best chemicals for this purpose? How would I go about researching which chemical pairs could help with this?
Basically you need an oxidizer (agent that gets reduced) and a fuel (agent that gets oxidized), or of course just an unstable molecule,
I'd say the cheapest and most availible you could go with is hydrogen peroxide, with or without fuel, kind of a bitch to work with and only has a freezing point around that of water. I think you have to be more precise about what you want to do, though

>>9080796
>>9081057
I should add, liquid oxygen should also be a cost efficent oxidizer, but I'm a bit paranoid about the stuff, since I almost blew my bench apart with it

>>9081057
I see. Maybe I should take inspiration from rocket engine propulsion.

I'm trying to create a small controlled explosion in a set of sealed compartments potentially fed by hoses. The end goal is to try to create a firearm that eliminates the need for powder and shells, allowing for higher capacity/lighter magazines that only carry naked bullets. This would be far off and likely impossible, but to test or at least run accurate simulations I need to find potential reagents.

>>9061996
>No Chem General
Because chemistry's boring as fuck. The only interesting stuff in it is also taught in physics classrooms

>>9081816
Hey, my Chem classes touched on wave physics and quantum phenomena, so not all of Chem is boring as fuck.

>>9081824
>The only interesting stuff in it is also taught in physics classrooms
How did you miss this?

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>>9081827
It's midnight and I've been working all day.
Misread it as
>The only interesting stuff is taught in physics classrooms

>>9081816
chem sux dix

>>9081816
>Because chemistry's boring as fuck
then what are you doing here, child

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>tfw interested in chemistry but suck at latin

Any tips on remembering stupid latin pre-suffixes?

t. Maths major

>>9075953
>>9077632
Suggest a better physical chem book?

>>9079879
>>9080003
>>9080728
I always remembered it because c comes after a in the alphabet the same way as n comes before p in the alphabet

>>9082587
https://books.google.se/books/about/Physical_Chemistry_A_Molecular_Approach.html?id=f-bje0-DEYUC&source=kp_cover&redir_esc=y

>>9082571
Learn latin.
Not even fuckin kidding.
It's super easy and super useful.
Your understanding of ALL romance languages AND English AND scientific terms will skyrocket from just a little bit of Latin.

Plus, Latin is a status symbols because in countries that don't formally teach it (if any still do), its status as a dead language means only those with time and drive bother to learn it.

>>9082608
McQuarrie is p much the p chem bible, right?

>>9083279
Not that anon.
Where does P Chem fit into the Chem trajectory?
That book looks fantastic, and a new paperback copy can be had for under $30. So would it be worth it for someone who won't do much chem, but will still have to take 2-4 chem courses? Or is the subject matter going to be out of the scope of the various early undergrad chems?

>>9061996
honestly it's not even necessary because if you're a math major you already know everything about physics/chem

>>9083279
Yep.
Unfortunately it doesn't introduce/use Dirac notation, but that's easy to pick up elsewhere.

>>9083396
PChem is basically "chemical physics," i.e. the specific physics that supports the theoretical aspects of chemistry. Usually one semester is given to quantum mechanics, electronic structure, bonding and spectroscopy, and the other to thermodynamics/chemical kinetics. It's usually taken by chemistry majors in their last two years, because the theory is better motivated if you've had a more descriptive survey of structure and reactivity (o-chem) and more useful for those going on to, say, more rigorous "physical organic" notions of structure and reactivity, or other areas of chemistry research. The concepts you pick up in general chem are generally enough for the layman.
I'd say flip through Fleming's book on molecular orbitals to kind of get a flavor for how we can use electronic structure to rationalize broad ranges of reactions, and go for pchem if you want to see the meat of this and take it in different directions (Bachrach's computational organic book has a lot of similar applications.)

>>9062926
>checking ether for peroxides

Huh? I'm a second year PhD student in a organometallics lab. I've worked with a ton of crazy shit but I have never heard of anyone checking their ether for peroxides. They must have been working with a compound or workup that fucks up the solvent and forms peroxides is my only guess. Also

>Fidgets around with it while under vacuum
What's your point?

>>9083742

Ethers usually form peroxides in the presence of impurities. However, the bottle would have to be old as holy fuck to accumulate enough to be a problem. They probably didn't use that bottle in forever (or they just don't use ethers commonly). We go through ether/THF/DME/dioxane in my lab (organometallic-actinide) at a rate where it never has a chance to go to shit.

Does chem make intuitive sense to anyone?
I wonder if it was just poorly taught, but my chem gen ed courses were theoretical and seemed more about fact-memorization than the processing and understanding of overarching concepts.

>>9083994
it does now, after learning it. Something just clicked one day while studying/learning it, and it became as obvious as how to put legos together, especially organic. Sn2 and Sn1 reactions was what i was studying when it just clicked

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Alchemy > modern chemistry

>>9083742
ether forms peroxides in air, accelerated by light, which crystallize easily into shock-sensitive high explosives. People lose appendages and get sprayed with broken glass somewhat regularly because of this. What underfunded shit school do you work in where you aren't required to check your ether/thf/etc. yearly?

>>9083994
Gen chem is chemistry without details or phystical background. They teach it this way because most students take it before learning physics.

>>9084033
I know you are memeing, but I had some good laughs over on /x/ when the spergs were boiling their pissbottle contents to get gold

>>9084002
man, the day organic makes sense is a magical day. It took me a while, but getting that intuition down is why I'm going to grad school for chem now.

I finished my sophomore year in ChemEng. Up to this point, I've been taking the same classes/labs as the chemists and I'm given the choice to complete my degree in ChemEng or do Chemistry instead.

I personally am interested in material sciences/nanoparticle work for grad work, but am unsure what field to pursue. I have friends in doctoral programs who work in the engineering department, with a chemist background and vice versa.

tldr; Is it viable to get into research as a chemical engineer?

>>9085556
I'm sure that'd go over well in the contaminated ether lab

Anyone ever find any egregious chem errors in movies or tv shows or anything?

>>9083742
You are absolutely lying about being a grad student if you don't know about ethers forming peroxides. That's literally the 2nd week of orgo 1.

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>first time working with fresh, dry Pd/C
>want to do a hydrogenation reaction in methanol
>dissolve starting material in methanol
>just add the Pd/C, no protective gas or anything
>highly dispersed powder says no
>hear a loud bang
>little explosion, Pd/C scattered everywhere in my fume hood
>there's a flame in my flask because the air (basically O2/methanol fumes) mixture is burning
>thankfully, flame quickly extinguishes. also no solvent (250+ ml) was burning
>proceed to carry out reaction as if nothing had happened
>no side products observed

and that's how i learned that in my old lab, i was never taught the proper precautions to take when working with hydrogenation catalysts. every catalyst in that lab was so old that they were all soaked with water and so handling them was no danger at all.

>>9061996
What does everyone think of the prescribed texts in the wiki?
Are they solid or in need of an update?

>>9061996
chem is as much as of a science as cooking.

>>9088817
cooking is a part of chemistry

How do I do titration calculations?
Can anyone also give me some good HS/first year uni level chem resources

>>9061996
>Make nanoparticles for thesis
>21:00, tests coming up next few days
>Fuck work up, I'll store in motherfluid and come back after test
>Come back
>Particles dissolved in acidic motherfluid
>Cry

>>9088860
There's an MIT introduction to lab work series, it's on their OCW site as well as YouTube. I've watched a bit of that, as well as some of the popular chemistry channels like NileRed and NurdRage.

I've learnt a fair bit so far from just doing that, then looking up shit online, as well as trying to figure out how to synthesise basic reagents from consumer goods.

Haven't really done any experiments myself yet though, still collecting shit to make a home lab, but I've worked out several experiments to do once I've got everything going.

So what's everyone taking this semester? Gonna be doing first semester of p chem and biochem

>>9088800
I'm not sure on gen chem, but the organic, physical, analytical and biochem ones look good

>>9082592
That seems strange to me, but I guess it works. I like the cat one

>>9061996

> hello welcome to chemistry memorize the periodic table

fuck me

I'm not too good with chemistry and going into chem 110 (I guess basically ap chemistry) what to do to make sure i definitely do well

>>9092030
In terms of chem and also physics at this level, always keep your units straight, make it a point to always put units everywhere they belong

>>9092122
Thanks for this, I'll make sure to write this everywhere. I fucked up on units a lot in highschool out of laziness.

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>Graduated with a BSc in biochemistry.
>Have to wait 1 year before going to grad school. I haven't been able to find a job.

What do I do.

>>9085556
Thanks based Bob

>>9087829
That's just horrible lab safety
You should still know about the potential safety procedures, even if they aren't 100% necessary
and of course when you are working with pyrophoric substances like that
so you're old lab was basically a steaming pile of shit

>>9083742
>I have never heard of anyone checking their ether for peroxides
Either it's b8 or the people around you (including you) are absolute mongoloids and don't know what they are doing and probably shouldn't be handling dangerous chemicals

>>9062231
What you'll see during inorganic depends on what your professor has a hard on for. For mine, it was molecular orbital theory and photochemistry.

>>9092791
major in something half decent instead.

>>9092561
Using dimensional analysis is a handy way of keeping stuff in check, here's a quick rundown https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-da.html

>>9092022
My inorganic professor unironically made us do this and made it worth half of the third exam grade.

Dick.

>>9093371
But since it's inorganic you didn't have to include carbon, right? Tbh senpai I'm sure that makes it easier

>>9064992
>>9066984
they offered me the job. gonna take it

>>9076095
Still a garbage opinion.
Unable to explain meta,para, ortho additions using this notation.

>>9093318
im same as him, BSc in Biochem, there are jobs available (pharmaceutical sales rep) for sure, but yea im in a graduate program, kind of knew you had to do graduate school for this degree to be worth something

>>9093693
what do I do in the meantime?

i've gotten no internships

>>9093385
I know you're shitposting, but it was all elements up to Radium, excluding the lanthanides and actinides, but including lanthanum and actinium.
Shit was a bit of a marathon.

>>9094069
yeah, sorry, couldn't resist man. That's rough, hope you did well. Did you spend a lot of time on https://www.sporcle.com/games/g/elements?

I'm starting my PhD in organic chemistry in a few weeks and am a bit nervous, any advice? I have been working in the group I want to join for a little over a month now and I love it, but it's the teaching and other class that have me worried

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>>9094123
Honestly I just printed out like thirty blank periodic table templates and kept filling them in until I could do it without glancing at a real periodic table once. And then ten more times before the exam just to make fucking sure. My autism paid off and I ended up with a 93% on that exam. It was really strange because that portion of mindless memorization was worth just as much as the rest of the exam (on symmetry operations, point groups, crystal structures/unit cells) that actually required some amount of brain cells.

>>9094345
man, that's awesome, proud of you anon. How much do you think you could still do from memory?

>>9094351
Everything except the bottom two rows of transition metals. I kept developing half-baked mnemonics grouping everything together that seemed to work reasonably well for the short term but if you gave me that same exam right now I'd probably get a C. I was honestly concerned more with the point group/symmetry operations portion of the exam due to my prof's "no partial credit and the slightest mishap (woe be to the poor son of a bitch who gets the point group correct on this molecule but misses a single symmetry operation and yes I will throw as many fucking curveballs at you as I can) means you get zero credit for the question" policy which I was thankfully used to due to taking him for General Chemistry 1 & 2.

Harsh taskmaster, that one. Taught me more than anyone else in the department, though.

>>9094191
What about teaching has you nervous, anon? Have you never had a stint as a lab TA your whole time as an undergrad? It's like that, but on a larger scale. If it's speaking in crowds that has you nervous, keep in mind that everyone in the lecture hall is infinitely more clueless than you are.

>>9094455
That prof seems like an absolute assburger
Good if you still learnt something from him though

>>9093518
congrats anon, when do you start?

>>9094455
if you become a professor, you think you'd 'pay it forward' and make your students do that on an exam? lolol

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>>9061996
So how do you get a job in this field that isn't 15$/hour cleaning beakers?

>>ctrl + F
lol chemists really are that stupid

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I'm making fairly decent money in a completely unrelated business field with my completely unrelated business degree. I'm completely bored. I always liked Chem in high school, is it worth it to start studying it, or is the time investment too much of a shit? I just really want to find a career that's more mentally stimulating than what business has to offer. Is there even a reasonable way to redirect a career after it's started? In my mid 20s btw.

>>9096459
Honestly, I just don't think I could bring myself to. It's not even useful. I did a brief stint as an ochem TA and there's so much interesting material that I think that forcing something as inane as memorization of a chart that's present in literally every room in the department in full is a waste of tuition dollars. If they want to do it, they can do it on their own and good for them. But mostly, it's a tedious waste of time.

tl;dr: I like chemistry too much to put my students through that.

>>9096618
>Expand all threads; Ctrl + F
That, or you're only searching OPs.

>>9096663
youre probably a brainlet if you chose business over an intellectually stimulating field so dont waste your time

>>9096663
High school chem doesn't teach you much desu, but chem can be really fun if you do it just because you want to, not because you're being forced to by your teacher/professor.

Am I doing the wrong thing by planning to pursue a masters in biochem after graduating? If yes, what should I specialize on instead? I'm in europe.

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Saw something cool in my POM yesterday, thought I'd share

So on a chemical level, what's actually happening when I flip a light switch? How are the electrons transmitted? What's going on in the copper in the wire? Are the electrons moving from valence shell to valence shell? Is the copper itself moving or staying still? When you turn the switch off what happens to the electrons that were moving? Is everything in the same state it was before you started? Do the electrons travel back and forth through the wire or is it more abstract than that?

Can someone give me a basic rundown on what electricity actually is?

>>9098689
From what I understand the electrons themselves don't necessarily move like a river, more like a chain, it's just a wave of energy just like sound or anything else. The electrons just impart their energy onto the electrons next to them. There's also the difference between AC and DC of course. The power is used to do work which essentially absorbs the energy and uses it in some way to make ducks, so there's always a depletion of energy that compels the flow of energy to continue

>>9071890
What are

>Metallocenes
>See Zeigler-Natta

Boom. Industrially relevant.

>>9098689
In essence electrons conduct because there is really excellent overlap of the orbitals in an atoms in bulk and an electron has basically an unobstructed path to move through a metal structure. Hence a conductor. A semi-conductor has a decent orbital overlap in bulk materials but there are holes or area electrons just can't go. Doping them with other atoms can change the shape of the semi-conductor bulk (by either slightly Changing the overlap of orbitals or giving positions where electrons or "holes" can take more easily) greater path-length to electrons.

>>9097635
Really depends on what you want to do with your life.

>>9096663
Unfortunately, if you want to go far with chemistry you need to go all the way to a PhD. Undergrad degrees basically mean you will be a technician or reactor/equipment operator for years unless you are really good at it.

>>9099174
I wanna work in industry. Pharma or biotech. I have moderately high ambitions. I don't want my life to revolve around work but I'd also not be happy being a lab monkey forever. Don't care about money, but a sense of doing something meaningful is important.

>>9099304
Well I know in the yurocuck system you do a masters for twoish years then a PhD in 3 sometimes at different universities with different people. In the states you go straight into PhD and masters are consolation prizes except in rare instances. Having a PhD in industry is great IMO.

You start out with higher pay but your work is more research and creativity than production. Of course you will need to take responsibility in some production aspects depending on the company but you also usually have a team of bachelor's or even masters actually doing the lab work.

Bachelor's are told what to do
Masters are told what to do but their thoughts are given some weight and if you're really good or have a lot of experience the company can advance you to research scientist levels.
PhDs are the thinkers and creators and problem solvers.

But again it is really company dependent but this is what I have seen thus far. At the very least PhD students are treated better in yurop then in the US.

>>9099660
Yeah, doing a masters before a PhD is the norm here. I don't think I have it in me to go through a PhD after hearing so many horror stories, though.
I'm also considering going for analytical instead of biochem given that there's where most jobs seem to be. From what I've heard it can be an excruciatingly boring career though.

>>9099771
The horror stories are really advisor dependent. I loved my advisor but I was very strategic in choosing and spent a lot of time interrogation current students in the department during my visit after applying to see if there were any red flags. Talking to my prospective advisor, I wanted to make sure there was a good overlap in both research interest and personality.

>>9097032
>intellectually stimulating
>dude boiling lmao
>filter
>cool
>separate
>boil
>filter
>cool
>separate
>boil

chemlets kill yourselves

>>9099849
You're missing the point of why you're doing those things and that's to answer a fundamental question or to prove your theory or idea. The emphasis of this is one of the biggest failures in modern chemical education.

so been reading around a lot, basically in terms of what to study/going into the industry, the consensus I seem to be hearing is avoid organic synthesis due to massive over-saturation and analytical or materials tend to be alright. What else is there to know/factor in?

>>9100554
It really depends on what you do your PhD and what you like. For me I did organic synthesis, the synthesis of polymers and small molecule synthesis to make the monomers. Then with my polymers I did all my own electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and physical characterization. I also collaborated with other people to build devices.

The problem with a lot of PhDs is that that only focus on synthesis (or characterizations of very rare or uninteresting systems to world as a whole) in their work and accidentally pigeon hole themselves.

Mine was synthesis so I had that but I focused a lot of properties development in the final material for useful applications.

If you want to do organometallic catalyst research, you need to synthesize and characterize the whole thing but to really make it worth while you need to apply that catalyst in polymerizations and show that your work really truly did solve a problem. Conduct your research to solve a problem or at least sell it that way by drawing a bullseye around where the arrow hit. Don't just do general small molecule organic synthesis unless you plan on discovering really new and useful reactions. Use organic synthesis to achieve the creation of truly novel materials.

>>9100581
awesome, thanks, that makes sense. What are you doing now?

>>9101660
My PhD was on conducting polymers and electrochromism. My job now is working on in conductors for lithium ion batteries and electrochromic windows.

Is coding a necessary skill to learn as chemistry moves forward? I mean, obviously it's good to know, but do you see it becoming necessary to know in the next, say, 5-10 years?

>>9103008
As we approach (hypothetical) singularity and computers become capable of more, most likely. But as long as you've got a project to work on learning to code is no big deal, don't rush it unless you have something to do with it.

>>9100581
What about going into academia, how likely an I to get a position related to organic synthesis somewhere? Mostly interested in catalysis/artificial enzymes so I'd probably have a physical chem background by the time as well, but is it worth trying or are the chances very small compared to other subfields?

>>9103102
In academia in general there is indeed an oversaturation of PhDs looking for academic positions where now one postdoc is essentially a requirement. Two would set you apart from the pack unless you want to teach/do inconsequential research at a tiny local school. At this time it's a shit time being in academia unless you are truly gifted unfortunately.

>>9103008
No. Not unless you plan on being a chemical engineer too and automating production. A lot of the tools for syringe pumps or other small reactor equipment is already automated well enough. For molecular calculations, there are either people you collaborate with (you would learn coding if that's what you want to do in computational chemistry but no one really trust them yet) but in the future there should be methods and software that you would need to learn coding unless you plan on going into the companies that make the software.
Same thing with NMR equipment, it's becoming idiot proof.

But it is a good skill to have on your resume. I personally wouldn't bother with coding but a lot of the chemical engineers do.

Retard here with questions regarding metallurgy.

Why are added metals of such small %?
How can they even have an affect at such a small value.
Why not more, or less? What would be the effect?
Take Carbon Steel for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_steel ,

Why must copper be minimum 0.40% (or the maximum, I cant really tell from the wording)?

How does the structure of the metal benefit from such a low % of additional (alloyed?) metals?

>>9103308
A very tiny addition can have a huge impact on the overall structure of the metal lattice. Pushing atoms into such positions where they can take greater force. That tiny percentage in homogeneous throughout the entire bulk material so you get a fundamentally different crystal structure where the "dopant" atoms can either be points where the structure can release more energy when bent or struck in a stable fashion. I am not a metallurgist but it sort of takes a page from semi-conductors but instead of electronic properties it's mechanical.

The more you add the more you disrupt the more stable lattice. Hence there sweet spots in low values.

>>9103296
makes sense, that it is a decent resume skill but as a chemist/chemical engineer you're never going to be as good at coding as the people whose job it is

>>9103332
Are there any examples of a large amount of metal dopant?

>>9106734
Not off the top of my head and it really depends on the metal alloys and applications.

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How can I synthesize this trisubstitured compound with CO2 and Benzene (along with any reagents)?

>>9107191 Kolbe Schmidt reaction (CO2 and high pressure) to add the carboxylic acid, do a halogenation and nitration on benzene.

>>9107212
that won't work lad
Kolbe Schmitt reaction only works with phenoxides
I would try introducing the CO2 using a grignard or something

>>9099849
business is literally all common sense if you arent mentally handicapped and thats why youll be lucky to be in retail managemnt

>>9108259
This. Do a bromination of the benzene then use an organolithium reagent to dehalogenate and quench with CO2 then convert to the amide.

>>9097026
>Not knowing how to use Google
>A thread would be hiding within another thread

>>9093002
MO Theory and a lot of symmetry groups for me. Oh, and Jahn-Teller

>>9108259
>>9108323

my bad lads, haven't done OC in ages lol

>>9093002
what's photochem like anon?

>>9110006
It's pretty neat. Everything from the chemical reactions that occur when molecules are struck by light to how they absorb or emit light. It goes hand in hand with advanced molecular orbital theory.