What level of mathematics is this?
brainlet tier
>>8518074
algebraic topology?
>>8518074
TFT
>>8518074
Arithmetic.
Trivial and is left as an exercise for the reader.
>>8518074
graduate level abstract algebra. It's braid theory applied to quantum systems. Probably used in topological quantum computing.
>>8518408
Probably first year graduate in mathematical physics. Only a few undergrads will have touched on this material.
Knot theory?
>>8518074
Guy who made the image here. >>8518408 and >>8518729 are basically correct.
>>8518398
Sure, maybe if you're Russian.