I've seen this pic very often in racist or white supremacy thread, so i started searching it's source, because I am also an appassionated science historian. It comes from the first edition of a monumental work by Ernst Haeckel, called "Anthropogenie oder Entwickelungsgeschichte des Menschen", published in 1874. It basically means "The development of man". This table was also present in the second edition, while in the third one it was a little bit revisited. In the forth one, however, it completely disappeared. I guess it already become too racist. It wasn't easy to find the original pdf, and for the second edition finding a version with the complete tables is almost impossible. I've also noticied that some version digitized by Google Books are without tables, i wonder if it is some form of censorship. What you think?
This is the modified version, from 1877.