Since this is a very broad question, lets go with an example that most of /lit/ will have read - 1984. 1984 is a book that was clearly trying to make a few points and ultimately had a lot going on, but how would you go about extracting as much value from it as possible?
By realizing that Orwell was a socialist and 1984 was a critique of totalitarianism in general.
>>9625695
Come on anon, that's so low tier that you can get it from reading the fucking TvTropes article.
>>9625702
*TVTropes.
honestly i just just thought it was a love story abolut winston and his girl, didnt even notice the political satire
>>9628169
To be honest, I'm still unsure if she was pregnant at the end or not.
>>9625480
Knowing the basics of the different schools of literary criticism allows you to approach the text in different ways for different analyses... is this the sort of thing you mean?
A formalist analysis will get you something different than a study of genre, or a historicist reading, or marxist or feminist or structuralist, let alone the fetid swamp of post-structuralist "readings" that could be made. Is this the sort of thing you mean?
>>9628302
>Is this the sort of thing you mean?
Nah, I mean how do you sit down and extract as much as the author was trying to tell you from a book as possible.