How do youkai/fairies procreate? Are they simply birthed into

>>16419273
Fairies are born of nature, so they just pop into existence more or less.
Youkai is an umbrella term, and many youkai are born of different means. Most of them are created by various means, or simply pop into existance thanks to magic or faith. That said, some youkai can explicitly breed with both other youkai (Magicians being an example of youkai that can be born in this manner), and with humans (which results in half-youkai like Rinnosuke.)

>>16419273

Fairies are born from nature, and their existance is proportional to the amount of a particular element in an area. A volcano will have lots of fire fairies, while obviously you need a sunflower field for sunflower fairies. You would not find a sunflower fairy in a volcano, at least not naturally. They apparently don't need humans to exist, showing up in places like Makai and Hell where one does not generally find humanity.

If you believe what the Lunarians say, they made youkai which were born from the light of the moon, and most youkai orignated from that original stock some couple thousand years ago, continuing their existance through breeding and more often than not having lifespans far in excess of humanity - I wouldn't be surprised if some varieties from the original "generation" have yet to reach the end of their natural lifespan.

Some youkai are altered humans. Most magicians and beings such as vampires fall under this category. Other youkai are capable of breeding with humans, creating half-youkai like Rinnosuke. The Fortune Teller is an example of a human-turned youkai. Turning into a youkai is treason. Treason is punishable by death.

Tsukumogami in particular come from inanimate objects obtaining a spirit after 100 years of existance, but why they occur in the first place and whether they're another Lunarian creation is a mystery.

>>16419549
>Turning into a youkai is treason. Treason is punishable by death.
Unless you're Alice?

>>16419609
alice is a foreigner, we don't know if she become a magician prior her arrival to gensokyo or in it

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>>16419680
What about marisa and hijiri?