This is a thread about the Lusitanian wars

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>>3306146

181 BC - The Lusones and other Celtiberian tribes revolt again. They invade Hispania Ulterior beginning the First Celtiberian War.

179 BC - Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeats the Celtiberian tribes in Moncayo, ending the First Celtiberian War.

The Romans continue their expansion until, in 156 BC, their territories in Iberia look like pic related

155 BC - Since the Romans were getting too close, the Lusitanians and the Vettones, the 2 Pre-Celtic tribes of Europe form an alliance

On the same year, under the command of Punicus and Cesarus, this powerful alliance defeats the Romans until they reach Gibraltar

However, they are defeated in the Battle of Gibraltar by Praetor Lucius Mummius. The Lusitanian War officialy begins (155 BC)

A little curiosity, the Lusitanian War in Greek is called 'Pyrinos Polemos', which means 'Fiery War'.

154 BC - The Lusitanians successfully pillage through Baetica(Andalusia today). The Belli start to enlarge their fortification in Segeda

The Romans understand this is an infraction of the treaty made in 179 BC. The Belli ignore them & continue to enlarge the fortification

The Romans are obviously not pleased with the actions of the Belli tribe. As such, the Second Celtiberian War begins in 154 BC.

153 BC - The Romans start to act and invade Segeda. Most Belli end up taking refuge in Numantia, a city of the Arevaci tribe.

Consul Quintus Fulvius Nobilior completely destroys Segeda. However, he is ambushed by the Celtiberian leader Caros

In spite of this ambush, Nobilior manages to reach Numantia and spends the winter there. The conflicts with the Celtiberians continue

152 BC - Marcus Marcellus replaces Nobilior. He succesfully takes the cities of Ocilis and Nertobriga. The Numentians surrender and the first phase of the 2nd Celtiberian War comes to an end.

On the other side of Hispania, the Lusitanian/Vettone alliance continues to inflict heavy losses on the Roman Legions.

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>>3306155

Besides killing lots of men, they manage to raid the Mediterranean coast. The Romans turn to other means to deal with the alliance

151 BC - The Lusitanian genocide happens. Servius Galba and proconsul Lucius Lucullus invite thousands of Lusitanians into peace talks

However, they were to go without any weapons. The Romans betray the Lusitanians and kill 10000 on the spot. Thousands others were sold into slavery, incluiding women and children. This ended the first phase of the Lusitanian War.

The Romans would soon regret this. Unbeknownst to the Romans, a man named Viriathus had escaped the genocide

Pic related is a statue of Viriathus

This man, who was originally a brigand and then a farmer, retreated to the mountains and began to plan his revenge for the genocide

Viriathus managed to regroup the remaining Lusitanians and unite all of the different Lusianians tribes as 1 to go all out on the Romans

147 BC - Viriathus is finally acclaimed Leader of all the Lusitanian peoples thus begininng the 2nd and last phase of the Lusitanian war

Viriathus decided the best way to fight the Romans was through guerrilla warfare. He would bait the Romans into the woods, since the Lusitanians knew their forests very well. They would remain hidden and when the time was right, strike the Romans with javelins from hiding places. They would then retreat further into the woods, only to do something similar again until the legions were gone.

This proved to be very effective, and that was the reason armies of 2000 Lusitanians could end up beating Legions of 10000 and more men

143 BC- Viriathus forms an alliance with several Celtic and Celtiberian tribes. Thus begins the 2nd phase of the 2nd Celtiberian War

On the same year, Governor Quintus Macedonicus attacks the land of the Vettones, but is defeated due to the powerful tribal alliance

142 BC - Fabius Servilianus, new Consul of Hispania Ulterior, sacks cities loyal to Viriathus

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>>3306170

Viriathus decides to lead a new campaign in response to these sacks. He ends up defeating Fabius in Erisane (Baetica) and goes as far as the coasts of Murcia. After this defeat and due to previous humilliations, Fabius declares Viriathus a friend of Rome.

This would only last a year. After this decision of Fabius arrived in Rome, this was considered humilliation and restarted the war

The Romans send a new general, Servilius Cipianus, with orders to completely wipe out the Lusitanians and put an end to the war

140 BC - Servilius defeats the Lusitanian/Vettone armies in Hispania Ulterior, forcing them to take refuge in their original lands

The conflicts with the Lusitanians continue, but Servilius fails to take the Lusitanian lands and the Romans keep losing their legions

Viriathus manages to force Servilius to negotiate a final peace treaty so the Romans would leave the Lusitanians alone once and for all

139 BC - Viriathus sends 3 Tartessian allies to make peace with the Romans. Their names are Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus

The Romans knowing the Senate wanted to take control of all Iberia (no exceptions) and that there was no other way to defeat Viriathus decide to bribe these 3 men. General Marcus Lenas bribed them. Viriathus is killed on his sleep by these 3 Tartessians on 139 BC

Pic related is another statue of Viriathus

With the death of Viriathus, the Lusitanian War is officially over, after 16 years.

139 BC - Tautalus is nominated the new leader of the Lusitanians. He leads a campaign against the Romans, but it fails

The Lusitanians will continue to rebel against the Romans, but not on the same scale as it was with Viriathus.

138 BC - General Marcus Laenas doesn't recognise the peace treaty with the Arevaci made in 141 BC. Final phase of Numantine War begins

The Romans try various incursions on Numantia, but are always warded off by the Celtiberian tribes.

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>>3306185
133 BC - Consul Scipio Aemilianus, sent to end the Numantine War once and for all, builds a ring of 7 fortresses around Numantia

On the same year, he begins a siege. The Celtiberians in Numantia start suffering pestilence and famine.

Instead of surrendering to Rome, they commit suicide. The Celtiberian and Numantine Wars finally come to an end.

Pic related is the map of the Iberian Roman Empire, 100 BC.

I forgot to mention, the Gallaecians were defeated in 136 BC after losing the city of Talabriga

83 BC - Quintus Sertorius is sent to Iberia to fight against Lucius Sulla in the Roman Republic Civil Wars

Quintus is joined by the Lusitanians. Beginning of the Sertorian War.

I'm going to develop now why the Lusitanians joined Quintus Sertorius against Lucius Sulla.

The Lusitanians were not content with the rule of Lucius. At the same time, they wanted independence.

Yes, after all this time, the Lusitanians were still trying to find ways to fight against the Romans.

As Sertorius takes leadership of the movement against Lucius, the Lusitanians understand this is an oppositon to Rome itself

81 BC - Roman Republic Civil War starts over all of Iberia.

80 BC - Quintus Sertorius, with the aid of the Lusitanians, defeats Lucius Fulfidias, governor of Hispania Ulterior.

79 BC - Quintus Sertorius controls most of Hispania Ulterior and parts of Citerior. He shows strong solidarity with the local tribes

75 BC - After many successful battles, Sertorius is finally defeated for the first time at the Battle of Sucro

74 BC - Pompeius, who defeated Sertorius, founds the city of Pompaelo, today called Pamplona. The Vascone tribe is romanized

73 BC - Sertorius loses all of Celtiberia. Most Celtiberian tribes are romanized. Sertorius ends up being murdered at a banquet.

72 BC - Sertorius' armies are totally defeated by Pompeius Magnus. End of the rebellion. Hispania Ulterior is pacified and submited.

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>>3306196

The regions North of Tagus River (Lusitanian/Vettones/Gallaecians) are still not effectively occupied by the Roman Republic.

The Lusitanians and the Vettones make an alliance with the Gallaecians to fight the Romans one last time.

61 BC - Julius Caesar is assigned as Propraetor of Hispania Ulterior. Conflicts with the Lusitanian-Vettone-Gallaecian alliance begin

60 BC - Julius Caesar defeats most of the alliance. Beginning of the end of the last tribal rebellions in Iberia

56 BC - Some tribes, such as the Turmodigi and Vaccaei, are defeated.

49 BC to 45 BC - New Roman Civil War, ending with the victory of Julius Caesar.

29 BC - Beginning of the Cantabrian Wars where the Romans try to submit the last remaining Iberian Tribes on the North of the Peninsula.

25 BC - The Northern Tribes make an alliance. The Astur soldiers, being surrounded, commit suicide instead of surrendering to Rome

19 BC - All the last remaining tribes surrender to Rome. End of the Cantabric Wars and end of the Iberian tribal resistance to Rome.

17 BC - Emperor Augustus reorganizes Iberia as pic related:

Just a reminder that there were still Roman army detachments engaged in full on war against guerillas in the Astures and Cantabrian regions for centuries after their "conquest" and that the Cantabrians and Vasconians were, along with the Britons and Armoricans, the only people in the Roman Empire that managed to get independence for themselves.