Africa general

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>>3194028

>>3194028
Thinking about moving to Congo. Thoughts?

>>3194037
why?

>>3194037
Don't.
>t. tanzanian

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The kingdom of Benin, known among many things for it's extensive network of walls (the longest manmade structure lengthwise at its time)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_Benin

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>>3194073
They also produced some beautiful art, some of which I've already posted.

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>>3194073

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>>3194073
Soldier on a horse

>>3194028
>>3194034
>>3194045
>>3194078
>>3194082
These are very impressive

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>>3194087
Architecture typical of the Benin kingdom

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>>3194094
I can post more if you want to. Fun fact: the first Europeans who saw these scultured were so baffled they tried to connect them to the Greeks somehow.

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>>3194028
>Africa
>history

Egypt doesn't count.

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>>3194101
>scultured
I meant sculptures. Africa has an extensive ironworking history dating back some 5000 years. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3432&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

WE

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>>3194028

>>3194117
>Africa has an extensive ironworking history dating back some 5000 years
That actually has been disproved.Africa did independently develop iron working, but likely in much later times, like the technique began to spread in 400 BC.

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>>3194126
It's not wewuzzing if it's true.

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>>3194116
>Africa
>no history
Let's say Egypt doesn't count for the sake of argument.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songhai_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerma_Culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuran_Sultanate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogon_people
and many more
pic related is the great enclosure of great zimbabwe, built by the shona people in the 1000s
topkek

>>3194142
>It's not wewuzzing if it's true.
That's where you're wrong. If any black person ever claims to have done anything ever, that's wewuzzing.

>>3194127
That's a fake quote, and it wouldn't be correct even if it were true.

>>3194127
Why does r/pol always gotta shitpost?

>>3194127
That quote is actually fake and from a kkk book. There is also a detailed infrographic that debunks all of those assertions.

>>3194139
sauce?

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>>3194152
more great zimbabwe

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>>3194183
tichitt oualata, a place first settled by the soninke people around 2000BC

>>3194152
>Ethiopia/Aksum
>Kerma
>Puntland
>Kush
>Ajuran Sultanate
These are mixed populations. They are African to be sure but I would stick with 100% unambiguously black achievements to really btfo /pol/. The rest are good .

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>>3194189
pic related is two soninke men

>>3194139
Still good considering location

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>>3194193
Yeah, I see your point. Those civilizations aren't a 100% sub-Saharan African. Though, they are, in essence, African, wouldn't you agree? Pic related are Axumite people.

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>>3194195
more tichitt

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>>3194152
All kingdoms and empires of dust, never to achieve the grandeur of all civilizations outside Africa. It's almost bigotry of low expectations, you trying to make the construction of "Great" Zimbabwe seem like some amazing feat for the 1000s. Every single civilization outside Africa had built far greater things by then.
One would think the extensive contact the Muslims had with populations in West Africa would've produced greater fruit, but apparently not, only ephemeral "empires".

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>>3194209
Well they are in Africa and south of the Sahara so they are 100% subsaharan but I see what you mean. I am actually ethnically ethiopian myself. Nice to see the Aksum appreciation, it's my favorite part of Ethiopian history

>>3194220
traditional architecture, dating back hundreds, if not thousands of years

>>3194225
>actually believing this

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>>3194232

>>3194236
he rite u now

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Don't forget Eurasians migrated into East Africa.

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>>3194225
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_I_of_Mali
yeah, totally empires of dust

>>3194253
Nevertheless, a lot of these are from non-eurasian mixed black populations.

>>3194253
And? Does that make them less African? I could cite numerous other migrations. Does this make the people who migrated form a certain place to another "less" of what they are?

>>3194225
This. Is like when someone posts the pic of an ugly child and its embarrassing how ugly she is, but everybody keeps saying oh what a beeeeeautiful child like m they're really trying to convince themselves of that.

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>>3194260
I'm just saying, don't get to sidetracked by yourself.

>>3194255
Don't include Egypt or mixed populations in this, you're playing into their hands if you do. Mali is fair game though, good job on that.

>>3194255
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt
North Africa, not noggers

>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Empire
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_I_of_Mali
Total empire of dust, absolutly irrelevant
Europe was building Versailles and sailing across the world when these faggot struggled to built a 5 meters high sandcastle

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>>3194261

>>3194239
The patterns are all crooked. Didn't Africans invent the ruler or at least steal one?

>>3194269
but this isn't a thread discussing racial superiority it's a thread about africa

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>>3194253
>implying africa is the only place that has been influenced by migrations from other continents
>implying africa didn't achieve anything outside of east africa
Here is an example of a formidable African military force from the 7th century. Oh, and pic related is a Ghanean castle. "When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain; it is mentioned for the first time in written records by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 830. In the 11th century the Cordoban scholar Abu Ubayd al-Bakri collected stories from a number of travelers to the region, and gave a detailed description of the kingdom. He claimed that the Ghana could "put 200,000 men into the field, more than 40,000 of them archers" and noted they had cavalry forces as well]"

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>>3194269
>not noggers

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>>3194272
The Ishango bone, you mean? Yup, that is an African invention. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishango_bone

>>3194290
No one take the b8

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>>3194282

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>>3194296
what bait? I'm not even claiming they were all black

>>3194298
>a military force of 200000 in the 700s is laughable

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>>3194302

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>>3194312

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>>3194313

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>>3194255
You show me 2 empires, one whose addition as "Africa" is questionable at best, in terms of influences most certainly.
And then you show me two references to the epitome of an empire of dust, an empire that thrived upon its sheer luck of existing in a spot with gigantic reserves of gold. The two other empires I present to you had a massive impact in this world, unlike the actually "African" empire you show, which is the Mali "empire". The only thing that contributed to was inflation, at best. Thanks Mansa Musa.

>>3194302
Don't degenerate this thread into another egypt shitfest because it will easily and no side will change their mind. It's happened a million times, and there is plenty else in africa to discuss

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>>3194314

>>3194295
Lmao I'm meant a proper ruler not an animal bone. Nice "invention" you've got there.

>muh sand castles
Ethiopian Christianity is based though.

>>3194320
http://www.dnatribes.com/dnatribes-digest-2012-01-01.pdf

>>3194323
>ancient lunar calendar
>can be used for mathematcal calculations
>not an invention

>>3194330
hm, i didn't know ancient egyptians were THAT sub-saharan. interesting.

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>>3194321

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>>3194341

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>>3194343

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>>3194321
same guy??

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>>3194317
>an empire that thrived upon its sheer luck of existing in a spot with gigantic reserves of gold
Ok, then.
Rome thrived due to its sheer luck of existing in spot with tremendous trade on the Mediterranean.
Britain thrived in industrialism due to its sheer luck of existing on a spot with gigantic reserves of coal.
China thrived due to its sheer luck of existing on a spot with multiple gigantic navigable rivers.
So none of them count.

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>>3194320
>everyone calls what he posts empires of dust
>he can't resort to egypt (a certifiably african civ) when nothing else works

>>3194271
I want to have some fun

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>>3194350
Yeah, Mentuhotep II. Super based, fought off another pharaoh to reunite Kemet.

>>3194317
>mali is the only empire that benefitted from its geographical placement

>>3194341
Fuck it. I'm leaving this thread and coming back in an hour or so. Looking forward to the shitfest that will no doubt have ensued . I warned you

>>3194351
Yet somehow, all of the things you named end up having a very valuable product:money. Gold was the epitome of money, and money was key to power. There is no denying this. The things every single civilization outside of Africa could've built with such a valuable resource...are unfathomable. Indeed every single one had extremely good geographical placements, but Mali had arguably the best long term placement, with the fertile Niger, and vast amounts of space to the South.

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>>3194028
>Egyptians weren't African

>>3194381
See >>3194381. How is /pol/ going to refute that?

>>3194391
oh come on don't start this

>>3194391
Oops, meant >>3194391

>>3194399
I'm not claiming all of them were sub-Saharan. Far from it. I'm just posting irrefutable proof that at least some Egyptians were. Just like some Egyptians were Persians, Greeks, Romans, Babylonians, Nubians etc.

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>>3194399
so white

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>>3194425

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>>3194429

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>>3194432
I'm not even him, but Egypt did, in fact, involve large amounts of black people.

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>>3194432

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>>3194447
here are some nubian chiefs. some are as light as the egyptians, while some are darker

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>>3194432
>no africans
Pic related is the black Ahmose Nefertari, great royal wife of Ahmose I with her son, half black son Amenhotep I.

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>>3194468
another depiction of her and her son

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>>3194443
>>3194447
Nubian slaves. Rest of these depictions are not literal skin color. Ramses for instance has been verified as having red hair fair skin, yet the art showed him as brown. Minoan Greek is filled with dark brown people even though we know from genetics that they looked no different than cretan Greeks. Ancient Egyptians were Levantine genetically

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>>3194450
Were Minoan Greeks dark brown?

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>>3194474
topkek. i can show you pictures of blacker pharaohs than that smiting lighter-skinned ones. also, we know how egyptians depictet caananite/levantine/babylonian populations. will return with pics.

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>>3194486
WE

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>>3194489
>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170530115141.htm

>An international team has successfully recovered ancient DNA from Egyptian mummies dating from approximately 1400 BCE to 400 CE, including the first genome-wide nuclear data, establishing ancient Egyptian mummies as a reliable of ancient DNA. The study found that modern Egyptians share more ancestry with Sub-Saharan Africans than ancient Egyptians did.
Ancient Egyptians looked like Copts

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>>3194489
Oops, my bad for the ant-sized picture. See this post instead >>3194391

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>>3194489

>>3194501
>swede like meme saying "my ancestor" to an egyption

you ok lad?

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>>3194500
>implying ancient egyptians were all the same
This is the reconstructed face of one of two wealthy Egyptian brothers. Paintings were idealized. http://www.ancient-egypt.co.uk/manchester/pages/the%20two%20brothers.htm

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>>3194513
This is his sarcophagus.

What's the best place to visit in Africa? (Besides Egypt)

Does Africa have any world cities?

>>3194508
>>3194510
>>3194512
>disregarding all the other civs and peoples he posted

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>>3194526
Botswana is nice.

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>>3194534

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>actually want to learn about obscure African pre-modern civilizations
>see this thread
>starts off well
>about halfway in descends in a contest between /pol/acks and we wuzzing
I want /pol/ and Afrocentrists to leave

>>3194539
>>3194534
Damn, Africa looks like THAT?

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>>3194539
Ghans is nice too.

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>>3194541
I can dump some links and pictures to countless other African civilizations if you want me to. I'm OP.

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>>3194548

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Does anyone know anything about this?

>>3194569

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>>3194573
Oops, forgot pic.

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>>3194571
wtf, is this fake? https://www.elitereaders.com/giant-stone-city-in-south-africa-first-civilization-on-earth/

>>3194571

It looks like someone stacked rocks together to keep in herds of animals. You don't need to actually tame an animal if it's fenced in, you can allow it to breed and kill it later. Which is to say they are corrals. Drive a herd of sheep into the corral and shut the gate. Congratulations, you caught them without throwing a single spear. Larger communities are better at this than small ones, since they can cooperate to surround a herd. Animals were bought and sold here. Gold served as a token.

Remember that many animals here aren't tameable, but they are herdable.

>>3194563
Please do.

I know a little about some West African civs that I've learned on my own, and a little about Ethiopia from a friend who used to go to my Orthodox Church for Easter, but that's all I got.

>>3194604
yeah, but 200000 years ago, though?

>>3194593
>>3194571
Site and sources looks mildly sketchy to me, I haven't really looked into it yet though

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>>3194608
Will def post more. In the meantime, is there anything ins specific you are interested in?

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>>3194617
Unfortunately, these houses look nothing like what they did in their prime due to war. They are almost completely destroyed in these pictures.

>>3194604
According to the article there were goldmines in the area. So doesn't that support a previously undiscovered civilization existing at some point?

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>>3194621

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>>3194608
I'm Ethiopian and I know a bit though im not am expert . I can try to answer a question if you have any

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>>3194624
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rm0gN5TRNyE
Short but sweet video on Swahili architecture, one of my personal favorites. Swahili houses are simply amazing.

>>3194609

The rock stacking and herding operation can theoretically take place without real weapons, or tools even. All it requires is numbers. Chimpanzees and wolves instinctually corner weaker prey. This is the cornering operation with just an extra step: we create the corner. You just shout at the herd and they move away from you. Get several dozens to do it, and you've effectively decided the direction of the entire herd.

One day Og decided to pile up rocks. No one knew why. But when they saw the pride in which Og piled rocks, they became envious. Soon most of the tribe joined in, the piles snaked into the distance. One day a small herd of buffalo stranded themselves in the bend of Og's pile, these became food for winter, as living buffalo are the best storage units of meat in the African climate. All the tribesmen congratulated Og on his foresight. How, could he know that his actions would lead to such bounty?

He said, "I didn't know anything, all I know how to do is pile rocks."

That folks, is the story of Maputo.

>>3194617
What were some of the major city states in what is now Nigeria prior to colonization?

>>3194628
What are some of the best or most impressive examples of Ethiopian religious architecture? Can be from any period in your country's history.

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>>3194621
>Ashanti
>The Ashanti government was built upon a sophisticated bureaucracy in Kumasi, with separate ministries to handle the state's affairs. Of particular note was Ashanti's Foreign Office based in Kumasi; despite its small size, it allowed the state to pursue complex negotiations with foreign powers.

>At the top of Ashanti's power structure sat the Asantehene, the King of Ashanti. Each Asantahene was enthroned on the sacred Golden Stool, the Sika 'dwa, an object that came to symbolise the very power of the King. Osei Kwadwo (1764–1777) began the meritocratic system of appointing central officials according to their ability, rather than their birth.[22]

>As King, the Asantehene held immense power in Ashanti, but did not enjoy absolute royal rule. He was obliged to share considerable legislative and executive powers with Asante's sophisticated bureaucracy. But the Asantehene was the only person in Ashanti permitted to invoke the death sentence in cases of crime. During wartime, the King acted as Supreme Commander of the army, although during the 19th century, the fighting was increasingly handled by the Ministry of War in Kumasi. Each member of the confederacy was also obliged to send annual tribute to Kumasi.

>The election of chiefs and the Asantehene himself followed a pattern. The senior female of the chiefly lineage nominated the eligible males. This senior female then consulted the elders, male and female, of that line. The final candidate is then selected. That nomination is then sent to a council of elders, who represent other lineages in the town or district. The Elders then present the nomination to the assembled people.

>The Ashanti invented the Fontomfrom, an Asante talking drum, and they also invented the Akan Drum. They drummed messages to distances of over 300 kilometres (200 mi), as rapidly as a telegraph. Asante dialect (Twi) and Akan, the language of the Ashanti people is tonal and more meaning is generated by tone.

noice

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>>3194632
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ut51wTM_5x0

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>>3194637
Oh, there were lots. The Hausa (pic related) are/were some of the most bad-ass imo.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_people
The huge Songhai Empire existed in Nigeria, among other places. The artricle focuses on Ghana too, but Ghana is freaking awesome. Had a standing army of 200000 and everything.
https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2016/05/11/the-armies-of-ghana-and-songhai/
This article should help too
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nigeria_before_1500#Edo_kingdom

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>>3194643
Yeah, the Ashanti were fucking awesome. Look how comfy the second stories look.

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>>3194637
My favorite is this stelae of Aksum here >>3194227; dates to pre-Christian times. I also love the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion which dates back to Aksumite times though it's been redone since several times.

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>>3194665

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>>3194637
This is an Axumite castle.

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>>3194688
https://washamikael.wordpress.com/2010/02/

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>>3194688
Here are the Gondar castles. 17h century, much more recent than Aksum though obviously

>>3194563
is that a woman warrior on the left? And did they actually have jaguars...

>>3194634
are you suggesting those structures and their theorized purposes were coincidental? If they were actually used like you think, it's more likely they knew what they were doing when they built them. Or perhaps those were the foundations of buildings?

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>>3194702
Not unlikely that they had female warriors. I don't know about the jaguars, but I wouldn't rule it out. Remember, this was one of the world's largest, most powerful empires. This might interest you, though. Basically the Sparta of Africa. Crazy civilization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey_Amazons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey

>>3194659
Thanks anon. And the pic is really cool too. Are those people taking part in a traditional display?

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>>3194737

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>>3194702
Ethiopian Emperors had lions

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>>3194745
Yeah, and it's awesome. The start of this has some great footage. You should watch this entire series if you're interested in African history.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXhVu21As4A&list=PL6mz4AK-lTo6KOzj309JKOzssfFArBxiQ&index=4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durbar_festival

>>3194765
Really cool. I had seen similar pics before, but I could never tell if they were cultural traditions that survived colonization, or if they were reenactments of extinct cultural traditions.

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>>3194765
>African
>history

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>>3194750
Dahomey ruins.

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>>3194779

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>>3194783

>>3194780
>being so insecure in your own cultural traditions that you have to ridicule those of people you consider lesser
Hey, /pol/, what Western cultural traditions do you actually take part in?

>>3194790
my tribe has a man that creates metal box.

metal box have hinge on it, metal box top open but not leave.

we leave this metal box outside

other man from village cow farm, milk cow, put in glass bottle

his son bring milk to metal box every week

very wise people

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>>3194758

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>>3194809

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>>3194817

>>3194780
>wh*Te subhuman chimps out itt
LOL

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>>3194830
>muh superior nordic race
LMAO

>>3194773
>>3194780
What is Ancient Carthage, Nok Civilization, and the Mali Empire?

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>>3194843

>>3194710

Well obviously they know what they are doing after doing it for a while, but I'm proposing that the initial discovery of the method may be accidental. There are statistical reasons for making this assumption. The probability density of (A) it being an accident and (B) it being intentional put together is greater than the probability density of A or B alone. By suggesting a relatively low organization threshold I am also increasing the probability density of the region corresponding to functional settlement, vis a vis the null hypothesis of no functional settlement (purely random construction with no profit). Let's face it, if a purely random settlement can be demonstrated to generate a profit, then would it not be more likely a widespread settlement was profitable than unprofitable, especially since that includes the total probability of intentional and profitably random settlement, vs only the probability of unprofitably random settlement.

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>>3194844
>he knows about Nok
You're the first person I've seen mention this. Props to you for that. What sucks is how little we know about them because not enough people are interested in digging there. Have you seen this? Maybe you have, since you know about Nok. If you haven't, though, you should. It must have been the Nok https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9LkpJdll9A

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>>3194868
dumping more Nok

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>>3194899

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>>3194903

>>3194780
you're not contributing anything to this thread with tumblr-tier reaction gifs.

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>>3194910

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>>3194918

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>>3194921
these are so fucking awesome, my god, i wish we knew more about them

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>>3194925

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So many awesome boat-building cultures in Africa too.

>>3194868
All I know is that they had an elaborate judicial system, were skilled at working with metals, produced some interesting artwork and statues, and that their civilization disappeared suddenly.

On the last point, what leads to large civilizations disappearing overnight?

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>>3194931
Both pictures I posted are from Mali and have been the same for hundreds of years. Lots of different boats along the Niger river.

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>>3194937

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MFW anons keep posting historical African civilizations and all the /pol/tards can do is reply with laughing reaction faces.

>>3194939
From Wikipedia on African seafaring
>Elsewhere in Northeast Africa, the Periplus of the Red Sea reports that Somalis, through their northern ports such as Zeila and Berbera, were trading frankincense and other items with the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula well before the arrival of Islam as well as with then Roman-controlled Egypt.
>It is known by historians that at its height the Mali Empire built a large naval fleet under Emperor Mansa Musa in the late 13th and early 14th century.
>During the Age of the Ajuran, the Somali sultanates and republics of Merca, Mogadishu, Barawa, Hobyo and their respective ports flourished, enjoying a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia, India, Venetia, Persia, Egypt, Portugal and as far away as China. In the 16th century, Duarte Barbosa noted that many ships from the Kingdom of Cambaya in what is modern-day India sailed to Mogadishu with cloth and spices, for which they in return received gold, wax and ivory. Barbosa also highlighted the abundance of meat, wheat, barley, horses, and fruit on the coastal markets, which generated enormous wealth for the merchants.
>Middle Age Swahili Kingdoms are known to have had trade port bullship and trade routes with the Islamic world and Asia and were described by Greek historians as "metropolises". Famous African trade ports such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, and Kilwa were known to Chinese sailors such as Zheng He and medieval Islamic historians such as the Berber Islamic voyager Abu Abdullah ibn Battua. In the 14th century AD, King Abubakari I, the brother of King Mansa Musa of the Mali Empire, is thought to have had a great armada of ships sitting on the coast of West Africa.

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>>3194971
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtepe
Pic related, Swahili boat or mtepe

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>>3194975

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>>3194980

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>>3194982
Here we have a truly ancient boat

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>>3194987
wrong pic lol

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>>3194994
Predynastic Egyptian boat

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>>3195002

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>>3195002
Loosely connected to this
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjc_1VxTf0E

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>>3195020

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>>3195022
truly amazing stuff

How far can I go in the continent if I can speak Swahili? As in, is it really only relevant in east africa?

>>3195042
Tanzanian here. It is only really relevant in East/some parts of the hear of Africa.

>>3195042
heart*

>>3194945
happens every time. why are /pol/fags so insecure?

>>3194571

>Researchers point to the ancient annunaki

>>3194173
Difficult, that 1994 work was found to be scientifically not sound, especially no finds of iron tools for the time period where made. There has been several articles in rebuttal.
Current consensus is that iron working in Africa started with the Nok culture 800-500 BC in today Central Nigeria.
From there it spread rapidly around 400 BC.
What is astonishing is that Western Africa kinda skipped copper & bronze age as in that they never used those metals for tools, but independently developed iron smelting techniques.
Here's a nice vid from Burkina Faso demonstrating the old techniques https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuCnZClWwpQ
>protip, thats a fat lump, old guys know their trade

>>3194183
>More Great Zimbabwe

it's the same structure, just a different angle

They had like that enclosure and a few other much worse looking sites I could count on my two hands

>>3194189
Settled yes, but those structures are Mosques and buildings that were made around the XIIIth century AD

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>>3194101
SHIEEET

>>3194117
>I meant sculptures. Africa has an extensive ironworking history dating back some 5000 years

Lol, no, it's actually debated and it would 3000-4000 years at best even if it were true

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Stay woke.

>>3194271
Name of that qt pls

>>3194117
Thats actually bronze.
Also >>3196371

>>3194844
Carthage was ethnic phoenecians, not black

>>3194034
>>3194045
>>3194078
>>3194082
>>3194101
It looks like Greece and West Africa were the only two civilizations that developed really realistic sculpture Statues (and art in general) from other parts of the world tend to be much more stylized.

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>>3196774
>comparing nigger meme "kingdoms" to glorious Ancient Greece

>>3196792
Much better than What celts had

>>3196774
Egyptians did too well before them

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>>3196804
>Much better than What celts had

>>3196819
Yes

>>3196804
>Celts
>living 2000 years earlier

Whew

>>3196930
>2000 years earlier

Celtic culture starts with the hallstat around 700-600 bc, Nok culture starts in 1000 bc

>>3196937
The depicted statue is from 15 hundreds.

>>3194548
This is what the Western bubble creates.

>>3194548
PROTIP: Rich people live basically the same way almost everywhere. The real difference between so called developed and developing countries is that the former have bigger percentages of poor people.

>>3194945
the /pol/ turd is the ultimate cuck.

>>3196937

>African art and culture doesn't change for two thousand years

Gee whiz, that sounds like Orientalism to me... but only racists and 19th century pederast explorers do that, right? <:^)

>>3194513

Yuck, this fucker looks like he's about to lecture you on post-colonial Algerian literature while rolling his eyes and treating you like a silly waito piggu, mostly in order to satisfy a desire to keep in touch with his imagined roots, despite being a middle class Christian from a family of the same.

>>3194307

The Assyrians had at one point 400,000 men at arms but could probably only field around 50k with proper supply lines and logistics.

Subsaharan Africa was too lowly populated to even consider that one of its kingdoms could even field 50,000 men...

>>3194413

What is Nubian migrations and intermixing post new kingdom. Subsaharans never played a role in Egypt during or before the new kingdom. Fuck off.

Dealings between the Portuguese and Ethiopians were rather hilarious.

>>3194975
>>3194980
>>3194982
noice