I would like to have a record turntable that goes through my

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162KB, 1300x900px

I would like to have a record turntable that goes through my PC, so that I can listen to records through the same headphones that I wear to do other things, but I have a lot of questions;

How would I go about this? Would it require the amp/preamp, or some kind of a particular sound card, or could I just shove a cable into the mobo? Do I need a turntable designed for such a task - USB turntables seem to have a reputation for poor audio output so I guess it'd be preferable if the method uses an actual audio input.
I'm tentatively looking in the $/€150-300 range but if it requires more money than so be it, yes I know the Sony in the image is a lot more than that.

Thanks.