front legs

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>>2337317
They bend in the same way mate.

>>2337319
But in a different direction, look at the pic

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>>2337320
No. The elbow bends backwards, the wrist forwards.

>>2337322
and why did this happen to horses? is there any advantage?

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>>2337320
No they don't.

>>2337324
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/horse/the-evolution-of-horses/on-your-toes

>>2337326
>>2337327
thanks

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>>2337327

Horses walk on their toenails, literally.

>>2337317
I have no idea about those herbivores but hunters need to crouch-walk and leap.
Hunters also have more elasticity due to this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQDAUv6d_KY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXKLVsB_7aw
>>2337326
Both sense and direction are different.

>>2337317

All hoofed animals evolved from a common ancestor from the late Triassic. Hoofs are great for walking on all kinds of terrain and their gait allows the animal for quick linear movement, as in they are prey animals and they need to run from predators.

Must be a great advantage cause from that one ancestor you have all the kinds of hoofed descendant species. All over the world.

All Quadrupleds have a common ancestor, lions and dogs inherited the body plan and modified it, cats have more shoulder flexibility cause they need it for climbing trees and catching prey with their front limbs.

K9s run down their prey and dont climb trees and they have no such range of motion cause their lifestyle is mostly on the ground.

>>2337388
I think the spinal stiffness is more about the endurance of the animal.

Animals with stiffer spines tend to be long-distance runners. The stiffer spine probably means that it doesn't have to move as much and thereby allows better energy conservation. Might also be better for plains animals with few obstacles. See: horses and wolves

However, other animals (especially predators, but also some prey) and much better at bursts of speed over short distances, and leaping. A more flexible spine allows for more of a springlike effect when jumping and/or running. This seems better for ambush and also for tight quarters such as woodlands or tunnels. See: cats and rodents

Take off your shoes and stuff. Now stand on your toes. Now imagine sliding your heel up to where your knee is and your knee somewhere else and you'll have a good idea what's going on. Hooves are toes

>>2337395
I used the wrong word. It was meant to be flexibility as in more possible angles, my bad.