How do you structure a short story before you get into drafting? There are tones, settings, and character motivations/philosophies that I want to convey but I feel like I'm lacking structure. Do all stories need some kind of message, and suggestions for establishing structure? I'm thinking of making a reference sheet with the main things I'm aiming to convey for each story.
>>18649919
Reference sheet sounds good. You should make an outline to see how to pace it, too. terribleminds(dotcom) has a great comparison of carious methods.
That's said, not all stories need a message - Murakami, Lovecraft, and many others written short stories specifically to convey atmosphere or a setting, so don't worry about it.
>>18649919
Just write it. Get from beginning to end by way of the middle, however long or short it turns out to be. Put it aside for a few days and then come back and read it. It will be terrible, but in seeing what's wrong with it, you'llsee what you should have done and can rip it up and start all over.
Repeat as necessary until you get there or as close to "there" as you're ever going to get.
>>18649919
Every writing advice pales the very moment you simply start to write.
So my advice is, just write. 99.9% of the time the story will write itself regardless of what plans you made. I'm published and relatively well known in my country and no matter what planning I ever did, the moment I start actually writing, the story inevitably changes, and so do the characters and interactions.