What are instructions in a microcontroller? Are they sets1's

>>8596797
The instructions are one or more bytes that gol into the instruction decoder in a microcontroller and is connected to the microsequencer that executes the instruction by connecting and disconnecting buses and signalling parts like ALU etc.

Look up 6502 as a most excellent example of a microcontroller.

>>8596797

the instructions are sets of 1s and 0s

Instruction usually refers to the disassembled assembly operation while the 1s and 0s are the opcode

An instruction is just a command for a turing machine. It's like this: "move this byte to this address" "go back on the tape to this point" "subtract this from this" "move the result here"

>>8596898
In particular look up http://visual6502.org/JSSim/index.html

>>8596797
An instruction is the combination of an opcode (which tells the decoder what to do, for example add), and the associated data, which could be anything from a number, an address, etc. depending on the opcode.

The instructions are stored in some kind of permanent memory until the program is needed, then it's loaded into main memory and fed through the microcontroller.

>>8596797
Hah funny, I just built a complete pipelined forwarding hazard-detecting MIPS processor.

>>8596797
>>8597480
For a simpler diagram than >>8597468 (that doesn't take hardware into account), see pic related. It is the MIPS datapath. Note that even though this is not the same ISA that the 6502 uses, all CPUs work pretty much the same way.

File: tmp_15673-MIPS_datapath_control468964637.gif (31KB, 1115x628px) Image search: [Google]

31KB, 1115x628px

>>8597487
Forgot image

>>8596797
It depends on the hardware.

Some hardwares let the microprocesser access its own instruction cache, others have a separate cache for instructions and data.

The most fundemental parts of a computer are the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the multiplexers/deplexers which are used to select from an array of memory units and input/output sources/devices.

instructions set the state of the ALU and multiplexers so it all works. And yes instructions must be physically present as some kind of signal, digital, analog mechanical or whatever.

>>8597489
>not even pipelined