When talking about glueing in topology, are you allowed to stretch your object? If a square is glued like this, it should result in a sphere. Should I picture this square to be glued along its vertices, then "blown" up into a sphere?
Yes.
Any one body without a handle is topologically the same. Pic related is the Wikipedia pic for one body with one handle (demonstrating homotopy transformations)
related
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus_%28mathematics%29#Topology
>>7653054
It sounds like you have a problem visualising the gluing process. Just see what happens as you pull the sides into the two corners while keeping the boundary connected. I think wikipedia has a gif of the process of making a disk into a sphere, probably on the quotient space page.
topology is the shit tho
You are always allowed to stretch in topology -- this is what homeomorphisms buy you. Two spaces are considered to be the same if we can stretch one into another nicely, i.e. without ripping or tearing it.
The bottom quotient space pictured is a nasty thing known as the dunce cap. All I know about the top one though is that Seifert van Kampen gives its fundamental group is Z_3. Anyone know what the literature calls it?
>>7653054
>topography
I took abstract 1&2, Lin 1&2, analysis 1&2, but never had a damn good reason to take topology. It seems 2abstract4me
Like, wtf breh
>>7655278
What does grad level (real?) analysis envelope in your uni?
Is there a good textbook on topology for scientists and engineers?
Something like Farlow's PDE book. Just an intro into the resulting methods and basic understanding without the rigour and proof autism.