I want to study philosophy as a foundation for understand Literary,

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I want to study philosophy as a foundation for understand Literary, Cultural and Critical Theory. I am an English student so I have no great need for studying philosophy itself in great detail, but I still wish to build a base on which I can base later thinkers like Heidegger, Derrida, Foucault, Badiou, Deleuze, Kristeva etc; that are the one a literature grad student most commonly encounters.

>inb4 start with the Greeks
I don't have that much time, I have just an year left in this degree program before I apply to grad school where I'll have to pass through an interview and I need something that will help me understand theory in sufficient depth and detail by then. Can't devote a lifetime to this stuff, sorry.(Atleast not right now)

I should add that I am not completely clueless; I know quite a bit of Structuralism for example, a decent amount of Marxism, some New Historicism and post-colonialism too. Speaking of thinkers, I know some Kant, some Marx and some Hegel. However, since I'm not in philosophy, my reading of these people has been limited to secondary texts and textbooks only.
I'm not really worried about things like feminism, queer studies or Post-co theory because they don't really require that much philosophy. It is fields like Post-Structuralism, Deconstruction, Post-modernism, Hermeneutics, that really concern me. I feel that it is of no use picking up and anthology of literary theory unless have a solid understanding of western thought through the ages, the things that those guys based their ideas on.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.