Did any ancient civilizations besides Rome organize their standing

>>3328494
>Did they have one?
Yes

>>3328500
How was it structured?

>>3328494

China did not have permanent standing armies.

Every civilization had a core of full time professionals, a ruler's personal bodyguards and politically loyal muscle could double as military units, larger polities often had small standing armies like the Persian immortals or the Sacred Band of Thebes.

The Romans could afford such a large standing army due to the wealth of Mediterranean trade and because of their size relative to the amount of borders they had to defend. Iberia (Spain) for example was surrounded by Roman territory.

File: Han Cavalry.jpg (181KB, 958x1252px) Image search: [Google]

181KB, 958x1252px

>>3328494
If you're referring to Han China- Late Republic & Imperial Rome's contemporary- the only standing army they have was the Interior Army that defended the provinces near the capital. One of the regiments of which was the Imperial Guards.

The rest of the Han military consisted of 2 kinds of armies.
-Provincial armies staffed by a tiny professional core, term soldiers, and during emergencies: volunteers and conscripts (Han Chinese law required males of military age to serve out a term in the army)
-Feudal Lords. The Han period was the last hurrah of Feudal nobility- many the survivors of the Warring States and Qin centralization- who shared power with provincial governors and bureaucrats. These people had household troops of professional soldiers, along with the term conscripts required of them by Imperial Law.

That was Early Han, the Latter Han (post-Wang Mang usurpation) streamlined that into the Southern Army (the interior army & guards) and the Northern Army (the armies provided by provincial governors and lords) who were placed at the peripheries to guard against nomadshits. Conscription was waived in favor of an all volunteer force.

Han China pretty much raised armed forces according to the context of the conflict they're gonna fight. Like during the Xiongnu war where an inordinate amount of cavalry was used by the Chinese due to fighting in the steppes instead of their usual infantry-heavy armies.