How exactly do linguists determine if languages are related or

>>2539124
Looking at how similar the most commonly used words are. Things like pronouns, articles and numbers generally won't get borrowed from other languages.

>>2539124
Linguistics is much more than just vocabulary, there's grammar and phonetics and such that is all analyzed.

If you want to get into it yourself, check out Grimm's Law and feel cool anytime you say simple words.
Linguistics is fun autism.

There's been some very questionable "discoveries" in the field of linguistics that are motivated more by politics than actual evidence.

>>2539400
like what

>>2539400
>motivated more by politics than actual evidence.
In general linguists don't give a shit about political boundaries. There are lots of national languages that are actually considered dialects by most linguists (for example, all of the Scandinavian languages, and Hindi/Urdu). If you've ever heard the saying "A language is a dialect with an army behind it," linguists created and use that all the time, and it's meant to be just as cynical as it sounds.

Countries create and define languages for the most part. Lingusits describe them, and their descriptions often don't follow what the official narrative of that language is.

>>2539400

The kind of people that believe this are triggered Balkancucks, Hindu nationalists, Altaicists, and prescriptivist mouthbreathers. Stop posting.

File: Linguistic_map_of_the_Altaic,_Turkic_and_Uralic_languages_(en)[1].png (941KB, 3245x2036px) Image search: [Google]

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>>2539124
If those languages have common ancestor, their cognate words will correspond in the common phonetic rules.
If not, those words won't establish the rules.
This makes Altaic languages not single language family, regarded as a generic name of some groups of languages borrowing each other or Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus families.

>>2539455
This. Here in Hungary half the country actually thinks the Finno-Ugric theory was a conspiracy by the Habsburgs to deprive us of our 'glorious' past.

>>2541276
What do they believe instead? Maybe they have a point about occupying powers tampering with a people's history.

>>2541300
That they're Sumerian

File: IMG_2011.png (54KB, 1404x705px) Image search: [Google]

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>>2539124
Pic related

>>2541300
>>2541310
Sumerian was the old cool thing to believe, there are also many claiming Scythian origins, but now it's mostly Turanism and related Turkic stuff. Pre-Carpathian Hungarians undeniably had tons of Turkic influence as they lived together with Turkics for a long ass time on the plains. That includes many loanwords as well. However, it's also useful to know that the F-U origin hypothesis does provide a good explanation for the Turkic aspects, while the Turkic approach says fuck all about linguistical similarities with Finns and Estonians.

But the amount of wewuzing is incredible. Generally the older and poorer you are, the more ridiculous bullshit you will buy into to have some sense of purpose in your shitty life and fill the void left by the decades of the Soviet regime. There are thousands of people who honestly claim Hungarians to be an ancient spacefaring race stranded on Earth and having founded every single major culture on the planet and that Jesus was Hungarian etc.

>>2541314

That automatically means the grandparents of the speakers of all those languages were originally one people.

Amerindian populations minus Na-Dene have a common origin proven by genetics but linguistics is too weak of a field to find independent evidence that Amerindian languages are related.

Linguistics works if we look at the last 7000 years tops, beyond that things get hazy.
But still, the language families detected by the methods used are still valid and real since extremely large correlations are required.

Some things like the mystic statistically valid link between Indo-European and Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages might never be adequately solved with linguistic methods alone.

>>2541560
>Some things like the mystic statistically valid link between Indo-European and Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages might never be adequately solved with linguistic methods alone.
Yamnaya culture spread throughout Asia and race mixed with proto-chuchis.

Hence, the link.