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/fglt/ - Friendly GNU/Linux Thread

This is a blue board which means that it's for everybody (Safe For Work content only). If you see any adult content, please report it.

Thread replies: 323
Thread images: 43

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Welcome to /fglt/ - Friendly GNU/Linux Thread.
Users of all levels are welcome to ask questions about GNU/Linux and share their experiences.

*** Please be civil, notice the "Friendly" in every Friendly GNU/Linux Thread ***

Before asking for help, please check our list of resources[*].

Previous thread: >>59240903

If you would like to try out GNU/Linux you can do one of the following:
0) Install a GNU/Linux distribution of your choice in a Virtual Machine.
1) Use a live image and to boot directly into the GNU/Linux distribution without installing anything.
2) Dual boot the GNU/Linux distribution of your choice along with Windows or Mac.
3) Go balls deep and replace everything with GNU/Linux.

>What distro should I choose?
https://wiki.installgentoo.com/index.php/Babbies_First_Linux

>What's the alternative for x?
https://alternativeto.net
http://www.linuxalt.com
Search for software by category:
http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software
https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page

News:
http://phoronix.com
http://www.webupd8.org
https://www.linuxjournal.com
https://lwn.net
Gaming news:
https://www.gamingonlinux.com
https://linuxgameconsortium.com

/t/'s GNU/Linux Games: >>>/t/749768
/t/'s GNU/Linux Training Videos: >>>/t/713097

* Resources:
Your friendly neighborhood search engine
(try to use a search engine that respects your privacy such as qwant, searx, ixquick or startpage)
$ man <insert command here>
$ info <insert command here>
$ <insert command here> --help
Don't know what to look for?
$ apropos <anything>

Check the Wikis (most troubleshoots work for all distros)
https://wiki.archlinux.org
https://wiki.gentoo.org

Learn the command line:
http://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php

Break out of the botnet:
https://prism-break.org/en/categories/gnu-linux

Learn more about Free Software:
https://www.gnu.org

/g/'s Wiki on GNU/Linux:
https://wiki.installgentoo.com/index.php/Category:GNU/Linux

/fglt/'s website and copypasta collection:
http://fglt.nl
https://p.teknik.io/wJ9Zy
>>
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>>59262020
Now that Ryzen has exposed Microsofts shoddy design, which Linux distro should winbabbies flee to?
>>
>>59262020
Going to take the Linux+ cert test soon, I've been working with the TestOut program that maps partially to Linux+. Do you guys have any advice before going in to test?
>>
>>59262020
awesome pic
>>
>>59262082
Ubuntu is usually recommended for beginners because of the large community and ease of use. Although keep in mind the default desktop environment is closer to MacOS than Windows. There's also Mint which is closer to Windows, but it's slow as molasses. Coming from Windows 10 you'll probably wonder why updates are so slow.
>>
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>>59262082
I'd just like to interject for a moment. What you're referring to as Linux, is in fact, GNU/Linux, or as I've recently taken to calling it, GNU plus Linux. Linux is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another free component of a fully functioning GNU system made useful by the GNU corelibs, shell utilities and vital system components comprising a full OS as defined by POSIX.

Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called "Linux", and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project.

There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called "Linux" distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux.
>>
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I'm going to try for the linux system admin cert from linuxfoundation.org as my first cert to try and get a entry level job. Should I install centos, suse or a buntu? I'm running slackware now but I'd like to run something they endorse.
>>
>>59262082
>Ryzen has exposed Microsofts shoddy design
tell me more
>>
>>59262657
Windows 7 gayming benchmarks are higher than Windows 10 supposedly. I'm not sure if it's been officially proven yet, it's just comm enters on forums right now.
>>
Just installed Fedora. Is there any way to make everything less fuckhuge? I'm having a surprisingly difficult time finding any settings relating to appearance
>>
>>59263319
Linux has gone full retard the last few years in the area of appearance
>>
>>59263424
GNU/Linux*
>>
>>59263424
nconfig looks pretty good tb-h
>>
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>>59262533
I said linux distro
EVERYONE CALLS IT A LINUX DISTRO
>>
>>59263319

>settings relating to appearance
>Fedora's fault

Those have nothing to do with the distro retard.
>>
>>59263725
I don't recall saying that it did.
>>
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>>59263698
We don't think that the popularity of an error makes it the truth.
>>
>>59263698

Does the Linux distro include GNU stuff? If yes, then it's a GNU/Linux distro. You were either meaning that, or you were just ironically asking which one of the elements of an empty set should they choose.
>>
>>59263746

>I just purchased a red car. The CD player doesn't work, fucking red cars REEEEEEEEEEE WHY AREN'T YOU TELLING ME HOW TO FIX IT IDIOTS? I ALREADY TOLD YOU EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW, IT'S A RED CAR reeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

And this is why you're staying a retard.
>>
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>>59262020
>>
>>59263779
>no --no-preserve-root
Why does everyone make the same mistake?
>>
>>59263778
>"a red car" is as specific as "current version of Fedora"
ok
>>
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>>59263795
$ busybox rm --help
Usage: rm [-irf] FILE...

Remove (unlink) FILEs

Options:
-i Always prompt before removing
-f Never prompt
-R,-r Recurse
>>
>>59263826
Nevermind. :^)
>>
Is Richard Stallman the most narcissistic person on the planet? The whole GNU/Linux bullshit aside, which only the most autistic people would take seriously, what's even worse is renaming distros that already have names, in most cases trademarked. For example, Arch Linux is "Arch GNU/Linux," even though their website and logo says Arch Linux. Gentoo calls themselves Gentoo Linux, while GNU calls them "Gentoo GNU/Linux." GNU is a joke, if you can't name your product what you want, how is that "freedom?" If Linus Torvalds calls his product Linux, that's what it is. You can't just go around renaming products that already exist to fulfill your delusional, egotistic fantasies.
>>
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>>59263850
We are not renaming anything; we have been calling this system “GNU” ever since we announced it in 1983. The people who tried to rename it to “Linux” should not have done so.
>>
Face it /g/ there are no good distros.
>Ubuntu
Botnet
>Mint
Botnet with incompetent developers
>Arch
broken packages
>Gentoo
Building from source=cancer
>Debian
Dude misogyny lmao
>(((Fedora)))
Thanks for testing rhel, goy!
>Any other distro
Meme with no users
>>
>>59263850
being trademarked doesn't mean that you can't call it whatever you want
it just means that you're not allows to distribute something under that name
>>
>>59263915
nice meme collection, expect meme answers

install gentoo
>>
>>59263927
(((You)))
>>
>>59263915
>>>/r/eddit
>>
Electrical engineer here.
I switched to GNU/Linux almost a year ago and I really like it so far. However I now need to simulate some simple circuits. Can you recommend me an alternative to LTSpice? I use the terminal for a lot of my work but I'd like to do this particular type of work with a nice clicky mouse controlled GUI.
>>
>>59263949
Thoroughly btfo archfag detected
>>
>>59263917
I'm not saying it's illegal, just that the people behind GNU are delusional. Arch Linux is Arch Linux, not Arch GNU/Linux. And so on for every distro that specifically calls themselves "X Linux."
>>
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2014/10/msg00216.html

SYSTEMD BTFO
POETTERING BTFO
RED HAT SHILLS ON SUICIDE WATCH
>>
>>59264054
see >>59263949
>>
>>59264064
hehe you really showed that ledditor lol
>>
>>59263825

>implying that the appearance settings are in any way related to a distro or version of a distro

Go back to Windows kid.
>>
how do I install the arc theme for firefox on icecat? also, why is icecat so far behind modern firefox?
>>
Fairly new to Linux and installed Arch as first distros because F R E E D O M and A E S T H E T I C. Now I regularly have small issues which due to my lack of Linux knowledge and (imo) complicated solutions, take up a lot of time on occasions I don't have it.

Is Manjaro a good alternative for less issues and a little more GUI over CLI without giving up the earlier mentioned motivation?
>>
>>59264512
Welcome to Linux, always good to have new users.
Manjaro is literally arch, but it has a graphical installer that installs a DE of your choice. That's it. It has its own repos, but the packages are 99% the same with about the same time until you get an updated version of a package. Any settings in manjaro are purely DE settings, and the exact same setup can be achieved with arch. If you don't want to get updates that cause problems, try a different (non rolling) distro. Any version of Ubuntu with a desktop you like is good, as are fedora and openSUSE.

IMO:
-In the end any distro can look and function like any other. Basically, pick between rolling and fixed release, and what package manager you like. Beyond that, any desktop environment works on any distro.
-most problems setting up Linux are going to exist on every distro. Some like Ubuntu have easier setup than arch.
>>
>>59264054
>>59264071
>Date: Sat, 4 Oct 2014
>being proud of posting old shit
>meming about systemd
Just stop posting
>>
>>59264631
Thank you.
>>
>>59264512
>arch
>freedom
>aesthetic
literally what
>>
>>59264631
GNU/Linux*
>>
I'm having issues installing amdgpu-pro on ubuntu-gnome, haven't tried other distros. Basically once I install drivers and restart, I get flashing color screens and gradients. this is on 16.04 with 16.04 drivers. Is it just an issue with ubuntu-gnome or will the same thing happen with all the ubuntu flavors? What would be an equivalent replacement with proprietary amd driver support for linux (basically what do you guys use?)
>>
>>59264828
fuck off you autistic faggot. nobody thinks your fucking ebin meme is funny, it hasn't been amusing since 2009.
>>
>>59264871
install gentoo XD
>>
>>59264878
rude
>>
>>59264882
well-memed friend.
>>
My computer's RAM has a faulty range. I remedy that with a kernel option which specifies to skip it and it seems to work fine.

Now I want to reinstall the distribution and I want to pass the parameter to the installation ISO at boot to prevent file corruption during installation. How would I go to do that? I checked online and haven't found anything yet. I want to pass it as early as possible during the boot process.
>>
>>59265195

Well, I hit TAB on the syslinux bootloader to edit it before booting the installation, I hope that's early enough to prevent corruption.
>>
>>59263973

>[profession] here.
Why do you narcissists always include that line?
No one cares and it's not relevant to your question. You already specified the program's name and what it does while asking for suggestions.
>>
What's a good guide for hardening my system?
Any protips?
>>
>>59265800

Heat it up to 1200°C then dip it in ice-cold water.
>>
>>59265809
see >>59264064
>>
Lost power during a storm the other night but wasn't doing anything on my home file server running debian at the time. When power did return, I tried to boot up the machine but was presented with a prompt that told me /sbin/init wasn't found and it just dumped me into a console. My data is still intact, and this is on a pair of drives running in software raid 1 that the system still mounts properly. /sbin/init doesn't look like it's there but some places I've read say that I need to create a symlink to a file elsewhere or load an init from a live CD. I'm honestly confused as to what to do at this point, but more concerned as to what caused this problem in the first place. Any ideas?
>>
>>59265800
I've been playing around with iptables and fail2ban a lot, and find them extremely flexible and customizable. That combination will harden your system right up.

Aside from not running shitty code that can be exploited easily or SSH on port 22, that's the biggest one I recommend. From one noob to another.
>>
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Install GNU Ring. https://ring.cx/
>>
So I see you're using bash. I'm more a zsh guy myself.
>>
What's the difference between the two KDE Neon User Editions? User Edition vs. User LTS Edition?
>>
>>59265730
Because an electrical engineer might look for different things in a program than a physicist would.
Why do you autosts always have to whine about the way people ask their questions instead of giving helpful advice?
>>
>>59263778
>calls people retarded and freaks out about the fact that I didn't specify my desktop environment, computer hardware, blood type and date of birth
>somehow I'm the one who's overreacting
lmao 2bh
>>
>>59263754
Systemd/<insert DE and other stuff separated by slashes>/GNU/Linux, please.
>>
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Neverball is funky as fuck. WHY DIDN'T I FIND OUT ABOUT THIS GAME BEFORE?!
>>
>>59266461

Neverputt is even better!
>>
>>59262020
I got a fucking annoying problem I cannot solve. So how do I install another distro but keep my personal folders?
>>
>>59266563
Are the folders you mean in /home? If so, any decent distro will let you reuse /home. If the files are in root you may be able to chroot with something like arch, to keep your existing files (check arch wiki)
>>
>>59266563

A different distribution will not solve your problem.
Backup your HOME directory and copy it over. Alternatively, keep your home directory on a separate partition, so you don't have to delete it upon reinstalls.
>>
Archfag here. Finally upgraded my 2010 shitbox of a laptop so compiling won't be slow as fuck now. Should I try Gentoo?
>>
>>59266590

>claims to be an arch linux user
>implies some sort of familiarity
>still doesn't know what constitutes a distribution
>still doesn't know what he'll "get" by building packages himself from source

and the worst of all:

>uses the cringe-worthy -fag suffix to describe himself
>>
>>59266609
>Actually believing that arch is a sekrit club exclusively for experienced Linux users
Anyone who isn't a retard can install it, you're not special
>>
>>59266632

Learn to read, no one implied that ARch is a secret club for the chosen ones.
>>
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Hedgewars is nice, but it feels dirty compared to Worms. Why can't Armageddon or World Party get a native Linux version? :(
>>
Fedora or Elementary? I have had experience with Xubuntu and Debian + KDE.
>>
It's NSA/Red Hat/freedesktop/GNU/Linux
>>
>>59266901
>https://liliputing.com/2015/02/elementary-os-devs-say-youre-cheating-dont-pay-free-software.html
Yes, you can enter 0$. It's still pretty retarded though.
>>
>>59266072
This.
>>
Share your fedora update stories people. Do I bother with 25? Is it feasible to jump from 24 to 26?

I'm in the middle of development but I'm thinking of upgrading after I'm done.
>>
Ubuntu/Unity

What is this white border? Can I disable it?
>>
>>59264871
don't know what you're doing wrong dude... i've installed the latest amdgpu-pro drivers from the website onto clean installs of ubuntu lts 16.04 about six or seven times this year. works like a charm.

what gpu are you using?
what version of amdgpu-pro are you installing?
is your ubuntu up to date?
>>
>at work
>everyone is supposed to use auto-updating Windows PCs
>it's slow as shit
>it's nasty
>it's annoying
>sysadmin gives out USB sticks with Ubuntu
>deletes BIOS password so I can install and boot it without network boot nuking the HDD and reinstalling Windows
>set up pc
>can install and uninstall whatever I want
>make everything comfy
>shit just werks
Fast forward a year.
>time to renew contract
>get email from HR with PDF form I'm supposed to fill out
>open PDF in evince
>plain text, says to install fucking "Adobe Reader for Windows®, Mac, or Linux®"
REEEEEEEE
>go to coworker's PC who is still using Windows
>boot
>literally takes 5 minutes to connect to update server etc before even booting into Windows
>booting Windows takes another minute
>logging in takes 30 seconds
>autostarts a dozen virus scanners, malware scanners, background processes
>updates, updates everywhere
>can't install Thunderbird because admin account required
>log into Microsoft® Outlook™ to open the email
>try to open PDF
>Adobe Reader is not installed
>can't install it because admin account cuckery
All this because they want fancy fucking PDF forms WITH FUCKING UPLOAD BUTTONS FOR ADDITIONAL FILES.
I cannot fathom how people can live like this. Just give me a fucking plain PDF form that I can print out, fill out by hand and slap down on your fucking desk REEEEEE
How hard can it be to create a PDF that I can open with a normal fucking PDF reader? Good job, you managed to make a document in a """portable""" document format that is LESS portable than fucking docx and other Microshit cuckery.
Yes, I am fucking mad.
>>
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>>59263494
>>59264828
>>59266946
*Linux/GNU
>>
>>59267406
Rule of thumb for maximum stability with Fedora releases : when a new release comes out, hold out for 1 to 2 months before upgrading to the latest-1 version. So in your case you should go 25 in July the earliest
>>
Guys I recently installed Gentoo on my Asus laptop and I can't get the touchpad to work. I tried both synaptics and libinput. what do?
>>
I've just put a Debian minimal install on my XPS 15. I've installed wifi drivers and the interface is picked up, but I don't have any network managers to actually connect to wifi. The laptop doesn't have ethernet and I don't have a type c > ethernet adapter.

What do?
>>
>>59263915
>there are no good distros.
How 'bout OpenPEPE?
>>
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>>59263915
>Building from source=cancer
lol wut? Something isn't cancer just because it scares you anon

Also you forgot Source Mage.
Install Source Mage.
nomeme
>>
>>59267449
Looks like something a compositor would do
>>
Is ricing notifications worth it? The default i3 notifications look ugly as sin. Is there something I can replace it with without spending too much time configuring?
>>
>>59269077

>default i3 notifications
i3 is a window manager and has nothing to do with notifications. You're most likely talking about dunst, which is a freedesktop notification spec compliant program and which people for some reason use with i3.
Install xfce4-notifyd and enjoy normal and decent looking notifications.
>>
5 years later and Faenza is still one of the most neutral and complete icon themes out there. Why is there no somewhat normal icon theme that's still being updated (with latest standard changes and programs that come out)?

I'd use GNOME's icons, but some of the taskbar stuff looks straight out of 1998.
>>
>>59269315
Try Paper icons.
>>
Hello, I installed xubuntu and am so far very enjoying it. It was defiantly the right choice for me. However, I have a few questions.

1. How do I move the little bar at the top with time, volume, and all that stuff to my other monitor? I am using a laptop with a secondary display and want it on my large monitor rather than on the laptop.

2. When I was just scrolling through the catalog, I just noticed some weird scrolling, with this line type of thing across the screen, but it is not ehre in this thread. Is this something that I will have troubles with in the future? If so, is there an easy way to fix it?

3. The windows button on my keyboard no longer does anything. Is there an easy way to bind this to do something?
>>
>>59269582
You should be able to bind it to do anything just like any other key. It's usually called "super" in key bindings
>>
>>59265730
Protip: he's actually a first year student trying to look cool with Linux and fucking everything up instead of using Windows like all his classmates
>>
>>59269663
GNU/Linux*
>>
>>59269663
GNU/Linux*
>>
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Does this mean my battery is dead ?
~ » upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT1
native-path: BAT1
model: MS-16F2
power supply: yes
updated: lun. 06 mars 2017 19:57:40 CET (73 seconds ago)
has history: yes
has statistics: yes
battery
present: yes
rechargeable: yes
state: fully-charged
warning-level: none
energy: 1,5762 Wh
energy-empty: 0 Wh
energy-full: 1,5762 Wh
energy-full-design: 86,58 Wh
energy-rate: 2,1867 W
voltage: 12,542 V
percentage: 100%
capacity: 1,82051%
icon-name: 'battery-full-charged-symbolic'
History (charge):
1488826660 100,000 fully-charged
1488826620 67,000 charging
History (rate):
1488826660 2,187 fully-charged
1488826660 10,220 fully-charged
1488826620 2,187 charging
>>
So here's something pretty fucking weird
I don't know how qutebrowser handles fonts, but when the page is still loading it looks like the left, and afterward it looks like the clusterfuck on the right.
Any ideas?
>>
>>59270852
>capacity: 1,82051%
yeah
>>
>>59271283
did you configured it to override font family?
>>
Hello /g/. I am planning to use linux as a secondary OS on my main PC. I don't really want to have to maintain it or put a lot of time into the install ('just werks'). I am thinking of Fedora but might consider Debian Wheezy. A desktop enviroment where I get to choose everything that I see in the main screen suits my fancy. Any reccomendations?
>>
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>>59271380
Don't think so, I did fuck with the fonts trying to change the bitmap font sizes though.
>>
>>59271383
xfce
>>
>>59262020
why is linux such a piece of shit on laptops ?
the fan is always spinning full speed whatever you do, and no one is talking about this like a real issue on the internet.

do thinkpads also run hot and noisy on linux ? probooks ? elitebooks ?
>>
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>>59271463
forgot pic *
>>
>>59271463
I'm sorry for you. You should have stay on Windows. We're trolling everybody, we're acting like we use Linux for years, but Linux is so shitty. You failed for the troll.
>>
>>59271463
idk anon, linux is simply shit
>>
>>59271463
GNU/Linux*
>>
>>59271474
so everyone is pretending to use it on desktop or dual booting it at most ?

i only need a laptop that doesn't scream of pain when i boot linux on it, anyone help plz
>>
>>59271494
>so everyone is pretending to use it on desktop or dual booting it at most ?
The truth is that we use in in vm only for screenshots.
>>
>>59271494
really though just use a better distro
>>
Why would I use zeroconf/avahi?
>>
>>59271564
the problem is in the kernel and the drivers, i tried many distros. fan always running full speed even when CPU idle. such bullshit.
>>
>>59271660
>i tried many distros
why
>>
>>59271660
k then
run uname -a
>>
Hey /g/
I was an idiot today, and I copied some random command involving xxd, which expanded to:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M

I was dual-booting GNU/Linux and Windows, and the first partition on /dev/sda was (I think) a reserved Microsoft boot partition. It's gone now. Does that affect my installation of GNU/Linux (which is my main OS)? If I reboot my computer now, would it work?
Please help, /g/, because I think I may have fucked up my computer.
>>
>>59271738
You failed for that? Really? lol
>>
>>59271738
Do lsblk and see what partitions your OS uses. Should be fine though if it's just Windows.
>>
>>59271762
506c656173652068656c70202f672f2e2049205f6e6565645f206d792047
4e552f4c696e757820696e7374616c6c2e20492073686f756c64206e6576
6572206861766520626c696e646c7920636f7069656420636f6d6d616e64
732066726f6d2074686520696e7465726e65742e20457370656369616c6c
7920346368616e2e20416e6420657370656369616c6c79206f6e65732077
697468207375646f2e0a
>>
>>59271785
And?
>>
>>59271776
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT          FSTYPE LABEL   UUID
sda 8:0 0 149.1G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 119.9G 0 part /media/strupo/win7 ntfs Windows 34F5EE1202469FF7
├─sda3 8:3 0 1G 0 part [SWAP] swap 235cda9b-1970-4ccb-bcfa-540c15a10801
└─sda4 8:4 0 28G 0 part / ext4 8325c192-1d06-4b55-89d2-56d8b49bc916

they're not affected, but the partitions start from /dev/sda2; there is no /dev/sda1
is this normal?
>>
>>59271684
run fuck -off -faggot
>>
>>59271815
You got no bootloader, your OS is fine though. Gonna need to remake the boot partition and install grub. Looks like windows is fine too.
>>
>>59262560
One lonely bump.
>>
>>59271862
GRUB is installed in /dev/sd4.
I have a /boot/grub directory on /
>>
>>59271890
*I meant to say /dev/sda4
>>
>>59271902
Then your linux OS should be fine. You probably deleted that 100MB partition windows makes. Should be recoverable with a bootCD.
>>
>>59271954
Thanks for the help, Anon. I feel a lot better now.
Fuck Windows. I don't really need it anyway. I only use it for muh games.
>>
>>59271970
Do a
>sudo update-grub
just in case.
>>
>>59271970
>muh games
Buy a PS4.
>>
>>59271954
GNU/Linux*
>>
File: 1458279905910.png (22KB, 1376x747px)
1458279905910.png
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>>59272004
>bash: update-grub: command not found
There are plenty of grub-related commands, but this is not one of them
>>
>>59272011
But muh master race...
>>
>>59272069
Run it as root.
>>
>>59272105
If it's not there, then running it as root is not gonna change that, anon.
[anon@gnu/linux ~]$ sudo which update-grub
which: no update-grub in (/home/(redacted)/usr/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/default/bin:/usr/bin/site_perl:/usr/bin/vendor_perl:/usr/bin/core_perl:/home/(redacted)/usr/go/bin)
>>
>>59272087
Windows is for dumbass. There is no master race.
>>
>>59272140
Yes it is you autist, root has different paths than your standard user.
>>
>>59272140
Do sudo grub-mkconfig same shit
>>
>>59272153
But PCs have better performance for playing games than consoles.
And it's not my fault that game developers don't think that developing games for Linux is worthwhile.
>>
>>59272169
>>59272140
>sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
>>
>>59272183
>better performance
That's absolutely useless.
>>
>>59267589
clean install xubuntu 16.04

amdgpu-pro 16.6

290x

followed guide to a T on the AMD website numerous times.

also made sure to run apt-get update && apt-get upgrade before driver install and added myself to the video group like AMD site says.

when I boot with the older kernel, it gets into the OS but steam won't start because openGL glx extension not supported by display or something like that.
>>
>>59272189
Also, if I have a PC that's capable of easily running the latest video games, why would I consider buying a console? I just make a spare partition, install some version of Widnows on it, give it the essentials to run those games (DrectX, VC++, .NET, etc.), and boot it occasionally when I feel like gaming.
>>
>>59272245
Because a PC is made for coding.
>>
>>59272184
>>59272169
[anon@gnu/linux ~]$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /tmp/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-linux
Found initrd image(s) in /boot: initramfs-linux.img
/usr/bin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda4. Check your device.map.
/usr/bin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda4. Check your device.map.
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot: initramfs-linux-fallback.img
/usr/bin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda4. Check your device.map.
done

What do?
>>
>>59272276
programming*
>>
>>59272278
You got a liveCD? Probably gonna be handy when you restart.
>>
>>59272292
That's the same thing idiot.
>>
>>59272386
I'll download that now.
>>
Can a non-suid 777 file owned by root used to escalate privilege?
>>
>>59272633
It depends of what root do with that file.
>>
>>59272633
*be used
>>
>>59272560
Might have to update your grub config if your partitions get renumbered on reboot.
>>
>>59272657
I think this is not necessary, because I used UUIDs to refer to partitions instead of /dev/sdxn notation.
>>
Is there a simple sketch program with support for pressure-sensitivity? Like the one built-in W10.
>>
can you ELI5 what is the process by which Linux distros upgrade their packages? Does it happen on the fly, is it suspended until reboot for some packages but not others, etc.
>>
Why did Arch GNU/Linux’s install ISO filesize drop from > 700MB to merely 476MB?
What did they remove from it?
>>
>>59273032
They probably remove the bloat.
>>
>>59262560
CentOS probably best for corporate world
>>
>>59262560
I'd suggest a .?ubuntu.
>>
Is there any

suff | uploadcodehere


service like sprunge etc that allows deleting posts?

also which service does /fglt/ use or recommend?
>>
>>59273377
>.?ubuntu
I like you.
>>
File: linuxbenchmarks.png (165KB, 1262x1082px)
linuxbenchmarks.png
165KB, 1262x1082px
Is there any way I can improve my gayming performance in Linux? Have Arch with Windows 10 in a VM for games that aren't playable in Linux or Wine. I expected performance to be a little bit worse but didn't expect to be that behind in an apples to apples OpenGL benchmark. 11% worse in Valley and about 15% Deus Ex Mankind Divided. (OpenGL vs. DX11). Have proprietary Nvidia drivers and all my 32 bit stuff installed, not sure what's wrong.
>>
>>59272846
xournal, gimp isn't complicated either
>>59272899
on the fly, just replaces the files on the disk and leaves the files in ram open
>>59273032
x86 support just dropped
>>
>>59273649
might be a 64bit advantage, but I doubt.
>vfio
any particular reason for this? also look into power management
>>
>>59273777
Had to compile Linux-vfio with the ACS patch so I could use my backup GPU for Linux at the same time my 980 was attached to the VM. It's not in the screenfetch since I had taken it out when I was testing.
>>
Requesting full autism please.

>>>/wsr/276531
>>
>>59274115
>there are people posting and lurking on wsr
>>
>>59269315
>>59269395

Is one suppsoed to use a dark theme with this? Because I can barely see these files.

Fucking hell, back to Faenza it is. This is like the 153rd time I tried to use something else, but it's just not good enough.
>>
File: 1487065406618.gif (1MB, 300x300px)
1487065406618.gif
1MB, 300x300px
Hey /g/, what's the best lightweight and user-friendly distro for daily use?
>>
>>59265958
Nice.
>>
>>59274268
Arch GNU/Linux
>>
>>59274268
Source Mage GNU/Linux
>>
Do you guys always say gnu/linux irl? What do you do if somebody around you says linux?
>>
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>tfw forced to reboot a 194 day uptime system
>>
>>59274308
Go away pls
If someone likes to compile stuff from source, then there's no reason to install SMGL instead of the glorious Gentoo!
>>
>>59274115

Explained >>>/wsr/276554
>>
>>59274329
Why would you care about uptime?
>>
>>59274349
How else to measure my epeen?
>>
File: 1448449004766.png (13KB, 429x511px) Image search: [Google]
1448449004766.png
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>>59274349
ONE HUNDRED NINETY-FOUR DAYS
>>
>>59274376
You could help newcomers on /fglt/. All these little' "ty"s are a great feeling.
>>
>>59274404
noobuntu babbies cant even install arch linux
why spoonfeeding them?
>>
>>59274376
By writing cool software, of course.

>>59274385
New stable Linux kernels are released every ~2-3 months, this only means you've been using old software for at least 100 days.
>>
>>59274418
Not sure if bait, but -

GNU/Linux and Free Software in general is all about community. Furthermore, even the most retarded retard deserves the enjoyment of Free Software.

Spoonfeeding and google-it fags please leave.
>>
>>59273584
silent bump
>>
Non-ironic Gentoo user here. I've heard good things about Void. Is it worth making the switch to, or at least trying out?
>>
>>59275204
I address the same question to you about gentoo if you don't mind

t. debian babby
>>
What's the most damage you can do to a system from the command line without sudo or root?
>>
Why do some people bash systemd?
>>
>>59275264
echo "Those pants make you look fat."
>>
Give me som comfy games that run on GNU/Linux natively.
>>
>>59275264
Run nonfree software.
>>
>>59275244
I like it because with Portage I can quickly write an ebuilds for really any open source program. An example would be that I can, with a single emerge, download the latest commit of i3-gaps, compile it, install it and delete leftovers, just as i would apt-get a program in Debian. (Also there is probably an ebuild already made for any program you can think of that is not in the main repos.)
>>
Arch is just a stepping stone.
>>
I'm using Arch Linux, if it matters.
>>
>>59275643
Towards?
>>
>>59276142
back to ubuntu
>>
>>59276142
valhalla
>>
>>59276142
source magic
>>
>>59263915

/thread
>>
@ post No.59276288
>>>/9gag/
>>
memes aside, what distro is /fglt/ using?
>>
>>59275345
xonotic, 0ad, openttd, the battle for wesnoth, neverball
>>
>>59275345
Sauerbraten, Tesseract, Hotline Miami, Limbo
>>
>>59276520
>>59276535
thanks
>>
>>59276558
Red Eclipse!
>>
>>59275345
Binding of Isaac
Risk of rain
Enter the gungeon
Any pixel indie game on steam mostly
If you want something with good graphics, Metro 2033 and last light are on Linux, as well as all valve games
>>
>>59276443
Gentoo and Arch. Everything else is a meme.
>>
>>59276622
is there a pirated portal 2 somewhere?
>>
>>59276696
https://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4885329
>>
>>59276712
nice, thanks
>>
I'm using Ubuntu, but I'm tired if Unity and I don't want to switch distro or reinstall.
How hard/stable is it to install and change DE?
Also, what DE should I get?
>>
File: 1486630075767.jpg (40KB, 500x459px)
1486630075767.jpg
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>>59276696
Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as "piracy." In this way, they imply that it is ethically equivalent to attacking ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on them. Based on such propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid copying in most (or sometimes all) circumstances. (They are still pressuring to make these prohibitions more complete.) If you don't believe that copying not approved by the publisher is just like kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to use the word "piracy" to describe it. Neutral terms such as "unauthorized copying" (or "prohibited copying" for the situation where it is illegal) are available for use instead. Some of us might even prefer to use a positive term such as "sharing information with your neighbor."
>>
>>59276843
okay
>>
>>59276825
Switching a DE can break things, but not always. I'd suggest a reinstall. If you want to stick to Ubuntu, try Kubuntu or Mate. By the way, Vanilla Ubuntu ships als classic GNOME under the hood; just select it at your login screen.
>>
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>>59262020
Hey guys, after an update on Debian Testing my install isn't booting anymore. How can I go about diagnosing why?

It just hangs with a blinking cursor after this line

/dev/mapper/DebianSSD-Root: clean, #/# files, #/# blocks


What should I be looking for in the logs if I start recovery mode?

Thank you for your time
>>
>>59276825
Why not trying a different WM instead? You could install something like i3 or openbox. Switching WMs is easy: apt install it and select it at login.
>>
>>59276907
All logs are in /var/log.
>>
Will I have to know UNIX code or advanced coding to be able to use Linux? I'm thinking of eventually replacing my Windows with Linux over the spring and summer break as a personal project. I have not much knowledge of computer science asides from basic java and python. Is it worth a shot?
>>
>>59276929
Yes, but I meant to ask *what* I should be on the lookout for in the logs
Any common / likely culprits when your system isn't starting after that stage of the bootup?

I've looked but I'm not certain what I should be pointing to and going "A-hah, that's the problem"
>>
>>59276933
Depends on your GNU/Linux distribution of choice. On distros like .?ubuntu you usually don't have to touch the terminal.
>>
>>59273649
Have you tried the hyper v enlightenment patches?
>>
>>59276933
You don't need to know any programming. Using the terminal is easy as fuck, you just type a command. If you don't know how a command works, you type -h or --help, then you know it.

Try something like Ubuntu from USB stick or VM. It's just like every other OS.
>>
File: unnamed.jpg (991KB, 3264x2448px)
unnamed.jpg
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>>59276954
>>59276929
>>59276907
Update: I removed the 'quiet' flag from boot and saw that the part that's stuck seems to have to do with Networking and UFW?

The stall begins at the IPv6 line at the end, and continues for indefinite time.
The newest line since this picture was a

 random: crng init done 

and another UFW BLOCK

How would you go about fixing this given these messages? Disable UFW? Or is it more complicated?
>>
>>59277139
Try booting without any network/wifi and see if it hangs at the same thing. You're making progress.
>>
>>59273649
Oh also try and use HUGEPAGES. I noticed a big difference in performance.

Basically what I did was HUGEPAGES and Hyper-V Enlightenment and using scsi for the virtdisk
>>
>>59277196
It does. I'm just puzzled as to why UFW would be blocking my computer to connecting to eth0 if I haven't touched the default rules or anything...?
>>
>>59277269
It hangs at the same thing without network? Idk why ufw might suddenly behave this way. Maybe a dpkg-reconfigure shld be performed
>>
don't know if i should post this here or in /sqt/ but if i install linux, will it wipe my files?
>>
How can I use grep to search for two words in one line, but not get the lines which have only one of the words? I'm using:

grep -i "word1" file | grep -i "word2"

But that gives me lines the lines which have both words, as well as the lines which have only one of the words.
>>
>>59277959
awk '/GNU/ && /Linux/' file
>>
>>59277996
Doesn't seem to return anything. Cursor freezes as if the command is running but never finishes.
>>
>>59277959
grep 'word1.*word2' file

but it isn't as elegant as >>59277996
>>
>>59278068

grep 'word1.*word2\|word2.*word1' file
>>
>>59278047
What version of awk are you using?
>>
>>59278068
>>59278078
These seem to work for what I need.
>>59278094
4.1.4, API: 1.1
>>
>>59278130
Try adding a print.
awk '/word1/ && /word2/ { print }' file

Should work without tho.
>>
>>59278148
Nah, still doesn't work. Even with sudo.
>>
>>59277229
>>59276972
My issue isn't with Windows performance, I got pretty much the same 3DMark scores as I got in native Windows. I was talking about Linux performance, it seemed too much lower than Windows for no reason. Might try Ubuntu just to see if it makes a difference, since games are "designed for it."
>>
>>59278297
Hmm, after looking up benchmarks online it seems performance on Linux is generally lower than Windows even with proprietary drivers. The The Ubuntu 16.10 benchmarks look even worse, they were getting up to 20% lower average FPS, while I was only getting 15% lower. Go Arch I guess. It varies wildly from game to game though.
>>
>>59278297
Oh sorry I didnt fully understand your initial post.
>>
>>59278508
That's just how it is unfortunately. Linux is still almost always treated as a second class citizen.

Linux video drivers have always been complete burning piles of utter shit except for the last few years, mostly due to Valve actually pressuring NVidia and AMD to improve their drivers. We've come a long way in a very short time, but there's still problems.

Also, even if we did have perfect drivers games would still get lower performance because they are all developed "for" windows and "ported" to Linux. The windows builds get extra special treatment and Linux just gets everything second hand with copy-paste-tier coding and/or "compatibility layers". We don't get performance tweaks or minor bug fixes, even major bugs stick around for years never getting fixed in games as long as they don't completely break it

We've still got a very long way to go. Although, the new Vulkan API seems to be a glimmer of light at the end of the tunnel. It won't solve everything but it'll bring us a LOT closer to parity with windows even for games developed primarily for windows.
>>
File: _20170307_073919.jpg (2MB, 3840x2160px)
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2MB, 3840x2160px
What am I approximately looking at here?
I'm using Arch and sometimes the system freezes on the screen just before this one. I've never seen this "failure" on any of my other PCs.
>>
>>59279513
>I'm using Arch and sometimes the system freezes
That's normal.
>>
>>59279513
Your drive is dying
>>
File: qtpass.png (75KB, 768x596px) Image search: [Google]
qtpass.png
75KB, 768x596px
Any opinions on QtPass?
For those who don't know it's a GUI for pass. Pic related.
>>
>business student
>mint 13.1
>assignment due in 3 days
>realise the spell check function in libre office isn't working
>can't fix it quickly enough
>resort to installing windows in a VM and installing Office 2010 on that
I don't have enough energy to wew lad at this point
>>
File: 53753897.jpg (6KB, 250x250px)
53753897.jpg
6KB, 250x250px
>It's been 9 days and Arch still doesn't have 4.10 in stable
>>
>>59279676
it's alright, just seems unnecessary 2bh.

cli 4 lyfe
>>
>>59279706
>needing spell check
Just type your shit correctly the first time around and/or proofread your shit. Proofreading also gets rid of those no-sense sentences one inevitably writes that spellcheck does not catch.
Besides, as long as your assignment is not riddled with spelling errors it should not matter. Content is what matters, not whether you misspelled or mistyped a few words. If so, your professor is a total dick.
>>
>>59279759
There is a reason the testing repo exists

install it manually
>>
I am going to go through Linux From Scratch.

Do you guys have any advice before I start?
>>
>>59279831
Install Source Mage GNU/Linux
>>
Thoughts on Mint? I just started using it because I don't mind a little bloat if it means wasting less time fixing shit. I really like how it focuses exclusively on being a good desktop OS, and Cinnamon is really nice. Default appearance is kinda ugly but it's easy to customize.
>>
>>59279862
Enjoy your frankendebian
>>
>>59279879
Is there anything actually wrong with it being a frankenstein OS? Haven't noticed any performance problems or bugs yet.
>>
>>59279897
>Not yet
But if you like it who am I to judge
>>
>>59279862
>>59279897
>hasn't read of all the writeups about mint
oh kiddo, ignorance is bliss I suppose.
>>
>>59279911
Well, I'm looking for opinions on it which is why I asked.

>>59279916
Can you link me something, or tell me what to search? I'd like to know about them.
>>
>>59279862
While not without its faults (as others have already stated) it is still the distro I recommend to total beginners. It is a nice starting point and easy to learn and understand when coming from Windows.
As it is 99% the same as Ubuntu it is also easy for nabskanks to find tutorials and help for.
>>
>>59279842
Seems nice.
Thanks for the recommendation! :)
>>
In a moment I'll be reinstalling ubuntu on my desktop.

Now I am curious if I am able to only move a few subdirectories of /home to my HDD instead of full /home partition?
Because there are obviously some configs on /home where fast access would be nice and I only need big folders like "Pictures" or "Videos" on my HDD.
Having fast access on anything else would be nice.
How do I make this happen?
>>
>>59279862
It's a very nice distro for beginners, imo; it was my second distro. My first was Ubuntu with Unity and it had me running away and screaming.
Linux Mint is great and it has a very nice and helpful community.
Another fun distro for beginners that you could try is Ubuntu MATE.
>>
>>59279940
Yeah, Ubuntu+Cinnamon is almost the same OS but I dislike Canonical and Mint avoids the shit about Ubuntu that I'm not fond of.
>>
>>59279968
Sorry, but you're stupid. Linux Mint is nothing but Ubuntu. In fact, worse than it, since it's less secure and literally blocks updates so the bad hack Mint is doesn't fall apart.
>>
>>59279967

This might be new to you, but you can actually right click and create new folders, though /home is a mountpoint, you either mount it all together in one place or don't at all. Why do you need to store your pictures and videos in the folders named pictures and videos? What stops you from manually making a folder for them in another drive and keeping them there? Stop being autistic.
>>
>>59279992
mint is more botnet than ubuntu with all the nonfree stuff it ships
>>
>>59279998
>Why do you need to store your pictures and videos in the folders named pictures and videos?
because they have a nice little shortcut in the file browser and I don't have to hack anything around
>>
>>59280001
Fresh vanilla install of Mint doesn't have any nonfree software, besides opt-in media codecs. Ubuntu has a software ecosystem fucking full of nonfree software delivered through a platform based purely on commercial pursuit. Not to mention more bloat.
>>
I just bought a new drive mostly for movies and stuff. Linux newfriend. I just made the whole drive an ext4 partition in gparted, and then made it auto mount to /movies . Is there anything wrong with mounting it like that?
>>
I got given an old (2013-15 iirc) MacBook Pro, probably putting fedora. Is there any reason not to format the osx partition and make the drive 100% ext4? I may want to put osx back on it later and remove Linux completely if i ever sell it, is that very easy?
>>
>>59280231
install gentoo
>>
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>>59279940
I would like to interject for a moment. What you're referring to as Windows, is in fact, Windows/NT, or as I've recently taken to calling it, Windows Shell plus NT. Windows is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another proprietary component of a fully functioning NT OS made useful by the NT scheduler, memory manager, and services comprising a full OS as defined by Microsoft.

Many computer users run a modified version of the NT kernel every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of NT which is widely used today is often called "Windows," and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the NT kernel, developed by the NT Project.

There really is a Windows, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Windows is the shell: the program in the system that allows you to interface with the kernel and utilize its services in a user-friendly fashion. The shell is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete kernel. Windows is normally used in combination with the NT kernel: the whole system is basically NT with Windows added, or Windows/NT. All the so-called "Windows" distributions are really distributions of Windows/NT.
>>
>>59276142

Torvalds. Linus TORVALDS.
>>
>>59280405
>Linus TORVALDS
it's just Linus.
>>
>>59280430
RMS/Linus*
>>
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1469958511883.png
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>>59280469
>>
File: IMG_20170307_201448.jpg (266KB, 1274x722px) Image search: [Google]
IMG_20170307_201448.jpg
266KB, 1274x722px
What should I do, you guys?
>>
>>59280605
Wipe Windows.
>>
>>59280042

Mint most likely has proprietary drivers. They also most likely at least ship the "unrar" package, which is not free. There's probably more, but that's just from the top of my head.
>>
>>59280605
Erase disk and install Linux Mint
>>
>>59280605
Install Ubuntu.
>>
>>59280618
>>59280654
I'm pretty hype.
>>
>>59280689
First timer?
>>
>>59280773
Pretty much.

Well, I've used Red Hat about a decade ago for like a month, but never really delved into it too much.
>>
What the hell is the point of Thunar, it's downright terrible, lacks many features that are necessary for file management.

Switched to Dolphin, because it just lacked so many features.

Is Thunar a dead project?
>>
>>59280803
good luck have fun
>>
File: mimetex64.cgi.gif (813B, 128x43px)
mimetex64.cgi.gif
813B, 128x43px
What's this called?
>>
>>59281031

Gives-mes-brain-wigglies.
>>
>>59266590
btw im using arch if it matters
>>
idk why but compton makes the title bar visible when in fullscreen
halp
>>
>>59281008
It's amazing how the touchscreen works 5 million times better than when it had XP. Cant figure out how to multitouch yet though

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtHFWkhDPZk
>>
>>59262020
My wish is to acquire currency. What should I focus on to obtain my goal?
>>
>>59281252
web development
>>
>>59281192

Works on my machine.
>>
>>59279245
>NVidia
I am trying to setup GPU pass through with windows as guest for any applications that I can't get running well natively or with WINE.

Took me ages digging around to finally get the damn thing working then I am greeted by being locked to a low resolution and an error code 43 by windows after installing the drivers.

After some more digging around the issue is isolated to nvidia cards running windows in VM (worked fine with ubuntu as guest). Some people claim it is intentional fuckery by NVIDIA so businesses don't undercut and purchase their quadro line when setting up servers with GPUs.

AMD users had other issues but at least their vendor incompetent as they are aren't actively cock blocking users at the last hurdle to get pass through up and running. I am pissed, next upgrade will likely be VEGA if it plays well with linux and VM passthrough.

Wonder if hot plugging is possible on AMD, for setting up one monitor to run host on integrated GPU while the second monitor can switch between host and VM as needed.
>>
>>59282013
bout to kill myself
>>
Hi everyone, should I use CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu or Ubuntu LTS for a web server? I've had most experience with Ubuntu, but have also used Debian before. I just want something that is easy to get started with and runs well. Are there really any major differences between the three, or is it all in the details?
>>
>>59282013
How do i enable alt code usage?
>>
>>59269315
>using icons
>at all
>>
>>59282393
devuan
>>
Opensuse or fedora for rpm based?
>>
For compatibility reasons which historically has more native gnu/linux support AMD,intel, and nvidia? I believe is it AMD for both GPU and CPU have a better role in supporting linux or am I wrong?
>>
>>59269582
I could still use some help on this if anyone can
>>
File: 1469043863945.jpg (33KB, 557x605px)
1469043863945.jpg
33KB, 557x605px
>>59277444
>>59277269
>>59277196
>>59277139
Late update:

I went to sleep and checked it now, yup, sure enough just going into recovery mode, dpkg-reconfigure on UFW, and then dhclient eth0, fixed some broken updates that had to do with NVIDIA drivers, and now everything's peachy again

Thanks everyone!!!
>>
>>59283531
It's Intel actually
>>
Guys I recently installed Gentoo on my Asus laptop and I can't get the touchpad to work. I tried both synaptics and libinput. what do?
>>
I'm looking to teach myself python. I'm using a VM with Ubuntu and python3 and I'd like to stay CLI only. What other shit should I install?
>>
>>59269582
I fixed the scrolling issue, I just need help with 1 and 3
>>
>>59284520
gentoo
>>
>>59284543
nevermind, the scrolling is still awful
>>
>>59284520
purge windows and install Debian GNU/Linux on bare metal
>>
>>59284520
a good text editor.
You should also learn how to use find, grep, tail, head and other shit like those. They are quite useful when you a lot of files in a project and need a specific part of the code
>>
WILL SOMEONE MAKE NEW THREAD.
>>
>>59283531
For a long time AMD were behind nvidia and intel. They are trying to catch up, but even today after their contributions to the linux kernel and the new driver they are a behind (not that much tho).

The thing is that AMD tries to contribute to the open source part (they did a lot on the linux kernel in the 4.x versions) and sometimes they contribute to the open source driver. iirc amdgpu is open source and amdgpu-pro is proprietary and both are made by amd.

On the other hand nvidia only have the proprietary drivers and won't do shit about the open source part.

Since AMD always had troubles with openGL, even on windows, it's hard to say how late they are in drivers, we need more vulkan benchmarks.
>>
>>59284824
kill yourself red hat shill
>>
>>59284845
its just the first image that was linux related in my hard drive

im sorry
>>
>>59284874
it's okay, I'm just having a bad day
>>
>>59284888
sorry anon, hope you feel better
>>
Never used Ubuntu but unity looks pretty nice. Why do people hate it?
Thread posts: 323
Thread images: 43


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