Anthropology questions

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Hey /sci/, /v/ here, I have a coupe of questions about anthropology!

So I've been reading a lot about various diets, but specifically: Paleo. Occasionally the authors of articles against Paleo mention that we have evolved a great deal since the stone age, also that our digestive system is different, but then they just leave it at that and don't bother explaining what has changed. Obviously, the lactase persistence mutation here in Europe and also Africa was one thing, but I can't recall any other difference related to digestion.
That said my questions are:
1. How is our digestive system different from people who lived in the stone age? Do we have specific adaptations for our industrialized diets? High quantities of sugar for example.
2. If we put a person from 10.000 BC and someone from today next to each other, what kind of differences would we see? Obviously we're taller and have a wider range of hair/eye/skin colors but what about bone structure? Brain size?
3. Intelligence. I assume we're smarter than our ancestors, but just by how much? Is this due to genetics and evolution, or rather, is it our accumulated knowledge over thousands of years and more efficient teaching methods that give us the advantage over them?
I thirst for knowledge /sci/.