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Archived threads in /sci/ - Science & Math - 1918. page

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File: coin_flip.jpg (82KB, 615x635px) Image search: [Google]
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When I flip a coin, why is there a higher chance that it'll land on the opposite side next flip?
13 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7810816
There isn't.
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>>7810822
If I flip it 100 times and they all turn out as heads, are the chances that the next flip will be tails higher?
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>>7810826

No.

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Is cosmology theory a meme subfield? Applying to grad schools next year, I have only ~2 years in research experience (in physics) and no fancy double degree in math, grad-level physics classes, etc. so even though I'd like to get into hep-th I doubt I have the qualifications. Honestly though I really just want to learn and work with the big theories (GR and QFT).

Also, side question for whoever may know - I checked out Caltech's requirements (huge stretch already I know) and under the question "What level of undergraduate preparation is necessary for admission?" the answer is basically that applicants should have already taken grad-level physics and undergrad analysis. Are they serious, and is this common at top 10 programs? I mean, even for experimentalists, do they really expect exposure to real analysis?

Sorry if I'm sounding bitchy, just kinda scared for my future right now. I'm already considering doing a masters (to get this "required" grad-level exposure) but I really, really don't want to.
4 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7810752
You are absolutely sounding bitchy if you're complaining about baby real analysis of all things.

The math eventually required is so much more intricate and high-level that you'll wish you're doing baby's first Cauchy sequences again.
>>
>Is cosmology theory a meme subfield?
No. In some aspects it's a lot like particle physics but the time lines are a bit different. 30 years ago there was still big debate going on and hot new theory was being produced. Observations sucked however. In the past decade though, like particle physics, the standard model (of cosmology) has become irritatingly good. The field simply isn't developing as it once was so theory is either in the subtle details or is working on speculative models. Observational cosmology progresses but again, not like it once did. Observation is now very technical as large innovation in methods is few and far between (also like particle physics). Observers have the benefit that they can also do galaxy evolution (most of them) which is related but much more poorly understood.

It is an interesting and big field but it depends what part you get into. Some field within it are saturated and you will struggle to have an original idea.
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>>7810783
Sorry senpai
It's not that I dislike real math or anything, I've even self-studied out of Rosenlicht and Krantz (mostly the former) that my friend gave me, but I just don't have the space to take a formal course in analysis here (not to make another excuse; if I could go back two years and change my plans I would, but that's just how it is for now).

>>7810789
Alright, thanks for the perspective, that's just what I was looking for. Obviously I'll be talking to my advisers about this once school opens up again but that helped me get my thought processes running clearer.

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help me out sci, what's the name of that perfect encryption whereby you agree to a key beforehand and the only viable method of decryption is finding the key ?
it's quite a simple one if I remember right
7 posts and 1 images submitted.
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Do you mean worm ? Thats quite an old program. You enter a password and it generates a multi layered combination alghoritm thats basically un-backtraceable.
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>>7810571
One time pad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_pad
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>>7810577
thank you based anon

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Do schedules and deadlines cuck my natural inclination to feel free or is giving my free time no structure an invitation to be cucked and maniplulated by the modern world?
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saged
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saged
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saged

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Any thoughts on Herschel's doodle, /sci/?

Full explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn-0zSuAWpI

tl;dr:
http://www.bradyharanblog.com/blog/2015/7/10/herschels-mysterious-doodle-1
7 posts and 2 images submitted.
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>>7810474
probly nothing
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>>7810474
the devils in the details, humorous doodle about the limitations of our senses
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He's fucking shit at drawing alright.

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Where can I find physics formulas? I'm not studying at an uni, but I'd like to solve things concerning CMB but I don't know where to find them.
4 posts and 1 images submitted.
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just go on wikipedia, type cmb, read the first equation and you're pretty much done. go to MIT and pick up your physics PhD
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>>7810375
>I want to solve things concerning CMB
>Where can I find physics formulas?
lmao
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>he thinks the problems of physics can be solved just by doing algebra on the equations we have

I got into a conversation with a friend of a friend recently who told me that he took the equations of general relativity and particle physics, set them to zero and tried equating them but he couldn't make the math work out. I had to not call him fucking retarded and I think I deserve compensation.

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Can anyone help me in this.
There's some kind of trick that I can't seem to find.
4 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>what is trigonometry
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=sin%28x%29*cos%28y%29

Back2School with you
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>>7810298
That isn't the problem. Computing 10-point dft is time consuming. There's somekind of trick in here
>>
DFT is a linear function, so I would write
[math] \displaystyle \cos \left ( \frac{3 \pi }{5}n \right ) \sin \left ( \frac{4 \pi }{5}n \right )= \frac{1}{2} \left ( \sin \left ( \frac{ \pi }{5}n \right )+ \sin \left ( \frac{7 \pi }{5}n \right ) \right )[/math]
and sum the 10-point DFT for the two sine functions.

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I would like to learn more about chemistry in a casual way. What are some good YouTube channels for that?
16 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7810166
NurdRage is a chemist that puts out cool and exciting videos, yet still respects the chemistry and will teach it.

Applied Science is another excellent channel, but his videos cover all physical sciences. Just go onto his channel and select the chemistry playlist.
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I second this thread
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>>7810166
Try watching Breaking Bad you'll be making mad crystal in no time! :^)

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Many meat eating animals consume pebbles and rocks to help them break down meat and grind it up for digestion. How come humans don't need to do this?
8 posts and 2 images submitted.
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Since that behavior is now uncommon than not, wouldn't it make more sense to ask why some species DO need to do that?
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>>7809772
Because we chew?
Retard
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>>7809772

>How come humans don't need to do this?

Because through evolution we have assimilated tens of thousands of different species of microbes that now make up our intestinal fauna and expedite food digestion.

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Hello, /sci/!

I'm an undergraduate in computer science (hopefully) going on to graduate study next year. Since my program is research-oriented, and also because I can't always take classes in subjects I'm interested in, I spend a lot of free time trying my hand at traditionally 'hard' problems in order to get practice tackling unanswered questions (or at least questions whose answers haven't yet been proven beyond doubt).

I've recently come up with a fast heuristic (I'm calling it so because I don't yet have the grounds to prove or disprove) for a problem considered hard even to approximate in polynomial time (discovering the largest clique in an arbitrary graph).

While on one hand I'm aware that my procedure likely can be shown to be flawed by implementing it by hand and testing it on large graphs, I would prefer to do so first on smaller examples I can investigate manually in order to better understand the shortcomings of my approach, possibly improve it to generate a better heuristic, and more generally gain experience at generating counterexamples by inspection in this domain of problem.

So far, I've been able to verify my approach on small graphs I can come up with by hand, as well as benchmark classes I'm aware of which lend themselves to being drawn at a small scale (I've tried the Keller variant of DIMACS benchmark graphs, but even a 3-Keller graph is somewhat cumbersome to manipulate with pen and paper). My point in making this thread is to ask if any of you are aware of classes of graphs in which it is proven (or at least thought) that finding the largest clique quickly (in polynomial or pseudo-polynomial time) is hard, while also lending themselves to being generated in a small (<= 25?) number nodes.

Thanks for any direction you may be able to offer!
16 posts and 1 images submitted.
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Also, P =? NP general, if that sparks anybody's interest.

To those better versed than I: what is the current state of approximability of graph-related NP-hard problems? I read a paper stating that there's a proven maximum bound on the approximation factor for any maximum clique algorithm of n^(1/3) (unless P = NP), but I'm not sure if there's been any change since that point.
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>>7809740
>hard even to approximate in polynomial time
Stop your research immediately before you do something that many more people will regret. The government is not to be trusted in any whit.
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>>7809785

I highly doubt anything I do as an undergraduate toying with concepts will result in anything earth-shattering. But I suppose I should thank you for thinking that it might!

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Hello /sci/!
I've just now discovered my love for math, and just started to tackle antiderivatives. Please bare in mind that i have no prior knowlage of math exept for the basics. I was hoping you could help me fuel this newly found love. I'm currently stuck with this one, could you help me understand the process and how to reach the result?
21 posts and 3 images submitted.
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>>7809578
we use the legendary plug and chug technique

someone should make a flow chart but in anycase:
1) observe that his is a fraction with a 4th degree polynomial in the denominator. therefore the flowchart say partial fraction that bitch
-(x + 1)/(x^2 + 1) + 1/x + x^(-2)

now we may integrate these 3 components seperately by plug-and-chugging them into our already known antiderivative patterns:
1/x => ln(x)
x^(-2) => -x^(-1)
-(x + 1)/(x^2 + 1) => -ln(x^2+1) + atan(x)
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testingczs
[math]x = e^{x}[/math]
>>
[math]\frac{x+1}{x^4 + x^2} = \frac{x}{x^4 + x^2} + \frac{1}{x^4 + x^2} = \frac{1}{x^2(x + 1)} + \frac{1}{x^2(x^2 + 1)} [/math]
Now comes the tricky part.
find A, B such that
[math]
\frac{1}{x^2(x + 1)} = \frac{A}{x^2} + \frac{B}{x+1}
[/math]
Then integrate.
Do the same for the second term.

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For an event to occur, in an interval of 28 days, you have a chance of 0 for the first 23 days and then chances [math] p_1, p_2, p_3, p_4, p_5 [/math] (each in [0,1], no correlation between the p_i's) in the remaining 5 days.

You probe this setup at a random day, the particular day you choose is given by a probability P (with [math] \sum_{n=1}^{28} P(n) = 1 [/math]).

What are the chances for the event to occur?

For starters, I think for P(n)==1/28 constant, you get
[math] \dfrac {1} {28} \sum_{n=i}^{5} p_i [/math],
but that's just my intuition.
4 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7809341
if the sum of probabilities over 28 days is 1 and the probabilities of the first 23 are 0 then the sum of probabilities over the last 5 days are 1, so the probability of it happening in those days is 1...

Assuming they're equal, each day is 1/5 chance
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>>7809341
>What are the chances for the event to occur?
if do not ask about what time interval, since all your problem deals with time intervals, you have no answer to your problem.
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>>7809341
>a chance
>the chances
Lrn2probabilly

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I'm not a science major or anything, but I've heard that steady-state theory has been coming back in fashion somewhat. Is this true and if so, why?
2 posts and 1 images submitted.
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>>7809264
That seems unlikely. The steady state theory doesn't explain the cosmic microwave background.

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http://physicscentral.com/explore/action/femtosecond-hologram.cfm

Some Japanese researchers managed to create real aerial interactive holograms using femtosecond lasers. What are the chances that this technology could be used to create a complete functional Holodeck like that seen in Star Trek?
14 posts and 3 images submitted.
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Here is a picture of how the projection works.
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>>7809063
Cant click the link now but isnt this old as fuck? Like at least a year or two. Id say unlikely for a holodeck experience, but give it a few decades and we might see some practical uses in telecommunication
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>>7809063
Not a chance. It uses big dangerous lasers that can blind you and literally generate air pollution.

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What do you think will happen to humanity when the first working fusion reactors are developed and we become capable of producing infinite clean energy? What will it change about how we operate as a species?
19 posts and 1 images submitted.
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If free market is really true and not just a meme, energy would become extremely cheap and the economy of all places arround the world, specialy that of developing countries, would grow very significantly. However, there would also be unemployment in the sectors of energy, like coal thermeletrics and oil refineries. Middle Eastern countries would be specially upset. Somehow I think that, if this happened, a monopoly would possibly come out of this. And monopolies ain't good. The unemployment itself would be a very hard issue to cope with, it could increase government expenditure on welfare and so on. Last but not least, big things like this always have the power to change history. It could be the energy we'll use to fuel our rockets that will colonize the solar system, launching mankind into a new era of expansion and exploration.
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>>7809032
This.

Yeah oil is not going away anytime soon kids
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>>7809049
ah man, i hope we achieve fusion big time.

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