Why did Rome's infantry use swords and shields? Didn't the Greeks and particularly Alexander show that spear and shield or even spear alone is better? This seems like such a basic question but I have never seen a good reason for using swords as a primary weapon.
Picture minimally related.
after the french revolution, what were the terms "left wing" and "right wing" applied to?
>>2877626
The romans did use phalanxes in their earlier history, but they found them to be really ineffective in rugged terrain (IE hills when they were fighting the samnites). Their particular sword/shield combo proved to be more effective against phalangites than another phalanx, demonstrated by them proceeding to BTFO the greeks.
>>2877642
Left supported revolution right supported the king. That was before the revolution.
Afterwards, left generally became a term for anything antagonistic to the existing hierarchy while the right wing supported said hierarchy.
ITT: Gifted individuals who'd be considered demigods by the Greeks.
>If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.
Me.
>Wake up
>Suddenly realize it is 1909
>You are now Kaiser Wilhelm II
>You retain all your current knowledge
What do?
Can I speak German?
>>2877112
For the sake of the question, yes.
>I retain all my current knowledge
>have no knowledge of court etiquette
>no idea how to start the day, do I ring a bell to get someone to get me clothes and food
>no knowledge of my close advisors, or my cabinet
>no idea who to talk to, or what to say, or to do
>proclaimed an amnesiac and locked up
"All men are created equal"
What should I read to fully understand the metaphysical implications of this? Is there a philosopher that explains this well?
I'm not quite sure what exactly it means either. Is it saying all men have the same capacity, or that all men should be treated as equals regardless of their capacity? If it's the latter, is there a rational justification for it? The only one I can think of is "do unto others as you would like them to do unto you". If it's the former, then I guess this begs the question as to what "capacity" means.
>>2877028
>All men are created equal
[Citation Needed]
>>2877076
The Constitution of the United States of America.
>>2877102
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
Who the fuck are they? What are their claims for being israelites? Literally every video i see is of them preaching and screaming on people that they are gonna be there slaves and etc.
They also seem to hate real africans too from most of their videos.
>>2876969
They actually have a pretty good point. It's a pretty obvious fact if you at all pay attention to geography of biblical history that they would be black. Egypt is in Africa and that's where Moses went to free his people, the Israelites. How do you explain all of their sculptures with black features like big lips and round noses? How do you explain all the ancient artifacts?
>>2876969
These videos should explain.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja93FjyCSfo
>EUROPEAN CONFESSIONS-AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE THE TRUE ISRAELITES AND THE CHOSEN PEOPLE OF GOD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSYzSerEYzM
>HEBREW KINGDOM OF JUDAH FOUND - IN WEST AFRICA !!!!!!!! MAPS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOgzEj6dR8c
>Undeniable proof The Jews are Black
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1_uKNF39G0
>HITLER: The NEGRO Is The True Jew.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlUPTrlkzvE
ADOLF HITLER AND THE REAL JEWS ARE BLACK
>>2876969
Just another one of the many
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Israelism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Israelism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Israelism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Israelism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bnei_Menashe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Israil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene_Ephraim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese-Jewish_common_ancestry_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Israel_(Ghana)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari
GOD TIER:
Sübügätäi
Napoléon Bonaparte
SUPERB TIER:
Aléxandros ho Mégas
Temür
Friedrich der Große
George Smith Patton jr.
Hannibal
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Gustav II. Adolf
Ḫālid ibn al-Walīd
Meḥemmed b. Murād Ḫān muẓaffer dāʾimā
Selīm-şāh b. Bāyezīd
Flavius Belisarius
al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ad-Dīn Baibars al-Bunduqdārī
John Churchill, 1. Duke of Marlborough
Moritz von Sachsen
Diya ad-Din Adud ad-Daula Abu Schudscha Muhammad Alp Arslan
Discuss
My dick in your mom
>Patton and Timur on the same tier
>>2876864
>Caesar not god tier
Into the trash it goes
Since this is a board for the humanities I feel like topic is appropriate. In our contemporary culture there is a lot of attention on whether someone is "educated" or not. In political and news articles, one of the harshest insults that can be lobbied against a group is that they are "uneducated" and thus hopelessly unenlightened about the world. This is something I'm self-conscious about, because I personally never went to college. I actually do like to read about science and philosophy in my spare time, but from what I hear, actually attending a university is essential to getting an expanded worldview. How true is this, really? Is it impossible to be considered part of the educated class, if you did not actually attend college? What does it really mean when someone is "educated"?
Again this is something I'm pretty self-conscious about, because in modern politics it seems that not being educated is among the most damning insults possible.
What a stupid thing to be self-conscious about. In what situation would you personally ever be accused of being uneducated (in a pejorative way)? Hell, even if you are, that's nothing but ad hominem and doesn't address the point being made.
Just read your books and actually understand and internalize the contents, don't just spout off facts or whatever like it's a party trick to impress people (what 99% of 4chan does).
>>2876822
I guess I just don't like being part of the "uneducated" statistic because it is also viewed as a negative.
I'm just curious what the educated mindset really means. Is it really necessary to BE at a university and experience it to get that enlightened state of mind?
lots and lots of knowledge is on the internet
learn if you want to, if you just want to impress ppl id try something more physical
>East Germany actually made people wear this
Of all the crimes of Communism, this is the worst.
>protects head from artillery shells and air dropped explosives with its wide but angled shape
>large enough that it getting hit won't transfer the force into the skull as much as a tighter helmet would
Seems like a pretty based design desu.
>>2876688
>Wearer looks like a special-ed retard
Looks bad imo
>>2876688
>makes you look like a litteral dickhead
>based
Judaism, as from I understand it, is an interesting culture focused on education and the "here and now". If Judaism was evangelizing in the same way Christianity and Islam are, and managed to convert Europe into it over the course of history, would the world be in a much better state than it is now with an educated and cultured population?
>>2876578
>would the world be in a much better state than it is now
As a Jew, no.
Having a billion Jews is a scary thing, there are too many fucked up things in the Torah that gets ignored. It would only be time before an ISIS type group popped up who wanted to kill all the Amalekites or something.
Jew by blood here, agnostic though.
Torah is full of both extremely beautiful and quite ugly things. I could see that Jewish worship of education plays a good role in development of Europe. But there is quite a lot of things in the Torah that can be explained as calls to violence and fanaticism.
Personally, I would hate to see Judaism as large religion. It is a faith of Jews, it is our culutural foundation.
Some Jews evangelise noahidism but outright proselytizing Judaism to gentiles would never work
Has there ever been a successful invasion where the aggressor didn't have overwhelming numerical superiority? It seems like an invasion where the attacker doesn't have at least a 4:1 advantage inevitably turns into a slow meat grinder.
>>2876555
Yes. Are you fucking retarded? It's not even hard to think of examples. The Franco-Prussian war. The Invasion of Serbia in WW1. The Six Day War. Etc.
>>2876567
How the fuck is the Six Day War an example of a successful invasion?
The Spaniards in Mexico?
>debating with someone
>they claim that the British Empire was the most evil and oppressive of all time
sorry sweety but no
>>2876479
They're right though
I'm not op but i think spain was worse
ITT: We post historical facts that trigger the most people on the internet
I'll start:
>Katyn was done mostly by the Germans
>Romans stagnated the technological development in the western world
>>2876436
>The M4 Sherman was actually a tough and deadly tank.
>>2876436
How mostly if it was done in USSR by Soviet personnel on the order of the Soviet leader?
>>2876436
>Romans stagnated the technological development in the western world
I mean, the romans weren't exactly great for technological progress but they were extraordinary at engineering, arts and literature, at least compared to Western Europe in the centuries immediately after their fall.
he's right about everything
Hmmm
Hmmmmmmm
Would you look at that
What is the justification for priests/bishops not being allowed to marry given 1 Timothy 3 stating clearly that being married is not only permitted, but a requirement?
>This is a true saying, if a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a good work.
>2 A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach;
How can Catholics and Orthodox claim to be biblical if they don't allow their priests and bishops to marry?
>>2876187
Their priests can marry.
It's not the custom of the Latin rite but they are married priests in the Roman Rite.
Priests are married to the church
>>2876198
>married to the church
Lol just like how you're married to your right hand
>>2876198
that's clearly not the intended meaning of the verse. besides it's well known from other early christian writings that priests often were married.
Hello, /his/. I'm trying to create a new language. I only have the letters and I wanted create some grammar and vocabulary. Like encoded messages. I will need also some numbers and punctuation marks. Could you help me out? I'm not asking you to do all the fucking job, of course. Just some help.
i dont want to help a convict compose secret messages for illegal activies
>>2876174
Linguistics student and previous creator of an artificial language here. Ask me anything.
>>2876174
Fuck you