Archived threads in /his/ - History & Humanities - 1222. page

>>2691930
No. They had serious issues dealing with western stone fortifications in Hungary, had issues dealing with knights even in very small numbers, and had issues even with Hungarians small number of crossbowmen.

When Hungary reformed their military and FORTIFIED FUCKING EVERYTHING, they absolutely crushed a subsequent mongol invasion.

They'd need a way to transport their Chinese troops to Europe to even take the Baltic, and they rejected that as utterly impractical.

Going further west, into less favorable terrain with more population density, more castles, and more soldiers would have been utterly suicidal.

What if Ogedei had lived for another 4 years.

>>2691930
As long as there were no forts.

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It is of course correct that the Ottoman expansion cut off the silk road and drove merchants into the Atlantic, but the institutions and culture which allow that to happen must be prior. The British Empire did not significantly benefit the British economically as Leninist "anti-imperialists" argued in the 1900s, and it was not simply economic exploitation. Indeed, one of the strongest arguments for dismantling the British Empire after the Long War was that it was a net drain on the nation's wealth, and the nation was bankrupt. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236702216_British_Imperialism_Revisited_The_Costs_and_Benefits_of_Anglobalization)

Some argue that the wealth of nations are determined by geography. It is not profound to say that "countries without access to the sea do don't become naval powers", but this is essentially the depth of the geographical determinist. The alternative to the geographical argument is the institutional one. Western European institutions of political economy are distinct from the rest of the world. Indeed, without Diocleatian's reforms, would medieval European institutions exist? without the Roman bureaucratic system, would the Christian faith have survived the fall of Rome? the Catholic church as an institution would surely not have had such a great influcence on Post-Roman Europe. Would property right exist?

(1/2)

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>>2692029
Why were there such stark institutional differences between Western Europe and the rest of the world during the early-modern period where Atlantic facing nations began to expand into the Atlantic (partly because access to the silk road was controlled by the Ottomans)? D. C. North writes:
>fragmented European political units accentuated by changing military technology which forced rulers to seek more revenue (by making bargains with constituents) in order to survive (North and Thomas, 1973; Jones, 1981; Rosenberg and Birdzell, 1986). That is surely part of the answer; political competition for survival in early modern Europe was certainly more acute than in other parts of the world.
(http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942704?origin=JSTOR-pdf&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents)

The significant relationship between trade and institutions can be shown to have been established at least since the commercial revolution in the 13th century (Grief 1992), and for a more general view of this period I like Spufford's "Power and Profit: The Merchant in Medieval Europe".

Now, the commercial revolution is arguably the most significant event before the industrial revolution institutionally. In that period the relationships between lord and peasant began to transform into employer and employee. Lords demanded liquidity, and bushels of grain could not be traded with Italian merchants for luxury goods. To increase their liquidity in cash so that landlords could consume, lords began paying wages, and workers would rent the land they occupied. In England, a new "agricultural proletariat" began to form, where workers sold their labour for wages. (see: W. Hasbach A History of the English Agricultural Labourer). Here, in the 13th-15th century, you have the necessary foundations required to allow a consumption economy to form.

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>>2692043
It is no surprise that it was in Holland, the first "nation" to exist without real feudalism in Europe (ignore the Italian merchant republics), where the first consumer society emerged. The art of the dutch masters shows "still life", whose object is the "consumer good" rather than some religious icon.

The geographical determinists ultimately rely on circular logic. They assert that the centuries of often imperceptible institutional changes can be explained causally by geography. They begin with the assumption that national economic development is a product of geography, and that the converse institutional argument actually supports their view, since, in their minds, these institutional developments are themselves a product of geography, why? because national economic development is a product of geography. They tie themselves in knots because there's is an ideological argument. J.D. in Guns, Germs, and Memes, argues that civilisation is no better than hunter-gatherer society and that all races and cultures are the same, and his book is an attempt to prove that. It's quite explicitly an ideological and particularly reductionist argument that assumes what has happened will always happen; a culture's will, passion, and creativity are all determined geographically. Are there any counter-examples?

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>>2691747

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>>2691911

>>2691747
>be anyone else
>get BTFO by america

una cosa me da risa
pancho villa sin camisa

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to be amigos

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STOP RIGHT THERE CRIMINAL SCUM

>>2691736
Talk shit get hit nigga.

>>2691736
>fucking with wizards
Even in the bronze age fedora tippers were retarded.

it's a bit savage, but I kind of like the tale
it has some grit to it
it's usually not emphasized by modern christians

>edgy atheist fedora tippers mock a prophet
>they get mauled by bears sent by God

>>2691669
they get tax money from those foreign companies

>>2691676
Is it worth it tho

>>2691684
It is to me.

I want my Tokyo Olympics built with endangered tropical forest wood.

>>2691637

This is humanity we're talking about. Everything's a shitfest

>>2691637
I don't even know what proof of this claim would look like man.

>>2691637
As it's the literal government of the devil, the Antichrist, and the False Prophet, yes, we can prove it is the enemy of humanity.

He was practically a noble who simply got tired of Ottoman and Islamic shit. He did convert to Catholicism, which is pretty fucking ironic considering that majority of Albanians today are muslim and yet still see him as ''their leader'.

But yeah, he was a military genius and charismatic as fuck.

My ancestors probably fought with him, then they fucked off to southern Italy once the kebab became too spicy

>>2691729
>majority of Albanians today are muslim
Aren't they atheists?

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>>2691549
The Romans were right, trying to civilize them was a mistake.

>>2691556
I wonder why Romans didn't civilize the peoples east of Germany?

>>2691549
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ztOV2wrrkY

This will never be stopped being relevant

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Bump

>>2691324
Will and Ariel Durant's The Story of Civilization

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Best high-school text book out there.

Also, Collapse of the Third Republic by William L. Shirer is a good read if you're into the interwar and early WW2 period.

These things aren't really conspiracies though. Capitalists always try to find ways to monopolize and avoid actually competing in a fair market.

It wouldn't surprise me that in 15 years something similar comes out about Microsoft, Apple and Google.

>>2691152
>It wouldn't surprise me that in 15 years something similar comes out about Microsoft, Apple and Google.

If you've been paying attention all of the above have already gotten in trouble for monopolistic/conspiratorial behavior. Unless you mean all three are conspiring together.

>>2691249
Yeah well maybe I worded myself badly, I meant at least one of them.

most of their achievments were made by vlachs

>>2691060
It was shit.

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>>2691060
United different tribes to fight the Byzantines. Then used Byzi scholars, architects etc. to create cities, religion, army etc. Spread the Cyrillic to other Slavs, achieved autonomous orthodox church. Collapsed when the Byzantines invited the Kievan Rus and then poked their eyes.

t. Bulgar from Thrace

Ay?

Pity necrobump

>>2690221
Summit to the deity that makes most sense to you.

>>2689521
yes

>>2689639
/thread

>>2689521

does relationship is gay?

>>2689347
Novgorod>Kiev>Moscow

>>2689354
>can't even defend itself on it own
> >

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>founded by the remnants of a Mongolic dynasty in Northern China
>source of the term 'Cathay'
>their defeat of the Seljuks in 1141 possibly contributed to the legend of Prester John